can't generate tableview using rxcoca - swift

I have an app, that shows current weather. Data is downloaded via Alamofire from forecast.io. Result forms a table with forecast. I used simple tableviewdelegate and tableviewDatasource, everything works. But now I wanted to learn some reactive, using rxswift and rxcocoa. After some googling, and tutorial from raywanderlich: I changed my code to:
var week = Variable<[DailyWeather]>([])
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
week.asObservable().subscribe { (e) in
self.generateTable()
}.addDisposableTo(disposeBag)
// tableView.delegate = self
// tableView.dataSource = self
tableView.backgroundColor = UIColor(red:0.81, green:0.81, blue:0.81, alpha:1)
refreshControl.tintColor = UIColor(red:1, green:1, blue:1, alpha:1)
self.tableView.addSubview(self.refreshControl)
manager.delegate = self
manager.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
updateLocation()
}
func downloadData(_ completion: #escaping DownloadComplete) {
var weatherURL: String {
if pre == "ru" {
return("\(BASE_URL)\(API_KEY)/\(latitudeNew),\(longitudeNew)?units=si&lang=ru")
} else {
return("\(BASE_URL)\(API_KEY)/\(latitudeNew),\(longitudeNew)?units=si")
}
}
print(weatherURL)
if let url = URL(string: weatherURL) {
let request = Alamofire.request(url)
request.validate().responseJSON { response in
switch response.result {
case .success:
self.week.value = []
self.weekly = []
if let data = response.result.value as! [String: AnyObject]! {
self.weatherDict = data["currently"] as! [String: AnyObject]!
self.currentDict = CurrentWeather(weatherDictionary: self.weatherDict)
self.dailyArray = data["daily"]?["data"] as! [[String: AnyObject]]!
for dailyWeather in self.dailyArray {
let daily = DailyWeather(dailyWeatherDict: dailyWeather)
self.weekly.append(daily)
}
for x in 0...7 {
if x == 0 {
} else {
self.week.value.append(self.weekly[x])
}
}
completion()
}
case .failure(let error):
self.showAlert("You are offline", message: "Enable network connection and try again")
print("Alamofire error: \(error)")
}
}
}
}
func generateTable() {
week.asObservable().bindTo(tableView.rx.items(cellIdentifier: "WeatherViewCell", cellType: WeatherViewCell.self)) { (index, weather, cell) in
cell.configureCell(daily: weather, index: index)
}.addDisposableTo(disposeBag)
}
But I receive this fatal error:
fatal error: Failure converting from Optional(<UIView: 0x7facad60f620; frame = (0 0; 414 736); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x60800002e520>>) to UITableViewDataSource: file /Users/ruslansabirov/Desktop/swift/Havo4/Pods/RxCocoa/RxCocoa/RxCocoa.swift, line 146
(lldb)
Pls, help, what I'm doing wrong?

Check table view delegate and datasource methods.
if tableview delegate is set in your code then you must implement the delegate method of tableview while using RXSwift otherwise application got crash.

you only need to call func generateTable() once. The tableview will update automatically. As it is a data bindingoverride
func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
self.generateTable()
tableView.backgroundColor = UIColor(red:0.81, green:0.81, blue:0.81, alpha:1)
refreshControl.tintColor = UIColor(red:1, green:1, blue:1, alpha:1)
self.tableView.addSubview(self.refreshControl)
manager.delegate = self
manager.requestWhenInUseAuthorization()
updateLocation()
}

Related

use a switch to change the value of boolean saved core data value

In my swift code below right now the code saves 2 boolean values to a core data boolean value. The two values are true false. I would like the user to turn on the switch and have the 2nd value be true as well. So it would be true true. I am trying to do that in func alternate() but I dont know how to exactly effect a specific value. Looking for any kind of help.
import UIKit;import CoreData
class ViewController: UIViewController {
var lbl = UILabel()
var sw = UISwitch()
var checkmarkButton = UIButton()
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
[ lbl,sw,checkmarkButton].forEach {
view.addSubview($0)
$0.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
$0.layer.borderWidth = 1
}
helpBool.shareInstance.saveBoolean(true)
helpBool.shareInstance.saveBoolean(false)
getBool(imageNo: 1)
}
func getBool(imageNo:Int) {
// first check the array bounds
let info = helpBool.shareInstance.fetchBool()
if info.count > imageNo {
// if info[imageNo].bool {
if info[imageNo].bool == true {
checkmarkButton.setImage(UIImage(named:"unnamed"), for: .normal);
}
if info[imageNo].bool == false {
checkmarkButton.setImage(nil, for: .normal);
}
// }
}
}
#objc func alternate(){
//fetch alternate
getBool(imageNo: 1)
if sw.isOn = true {
helpBool.shareInstance.saveBoolean()
}
else {
helpBool.shareInstance.saveBoolean()
}
}
}
class helpBool: UIViewController{
static let shareInstance = helpBool()
let context = (UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate).persistentContainer.viewContext
func saveBoolean(_ boolean: Bool) {
let imageInstance = OnOff(context: context)
imageInstance.bool = boolean
do {
try context.save()
print("text is saved")
} catch {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}
func fetchBool() -> [OnOff] {
var fetchingImage = [OnOff]()
let fetchRequest = NSFetchRequest<NSFetchRequestResult>(entityName: "OnOff")
do {
fetchingImage = try context.fetch(fetchRequest) as! [OnOff]
} catch {
print("Error while fetching the image")
}
return fetchingImage
}
}

Why is my alert controller not dismissing in my Swift app?

I have a custom view controller class which presents an alert controller when it receives a not connected notification from my network services class. I want to dismiss the alert controller when I receive a further connected notification from the network services class but I am unable to dismiss the presenting alert.
Here is my custom view controller class;
class CompanyPriceListVC: UITableViewController {
// MARK: - Properties
let companyStockSymbols = ["AAPL","AMZN", "MSFT", "GOOGL", "TSLA", "META","COINBASE:BTC", "BINANCE:BTCUSDT", "BINANCE:BNBBTC", "IC MARKETS:1", "IC MARKETS:2"]
let defaultStockInfo = StockInfo(tradeConditions: nil, price: 0.00, symbol: "-", timestamp: 0.0, volume: 0.0)
lazy var companyStockInfo = [StockInfo](repeating: defaultStockInfo, count: companyStockSymbols.count)
var companyDetailsVC:CompanyDetailsVC?
var tableRowSelected: Int?
let defaultPriceHistory = PriceHistory(previous: nil, relative: 0.0, absolute: 0.0)
lazy var priceHistory = [PriceHistory](repeating: defaultPriceHistory , count: companyStockSymbols.count)
var deviceOrientation: Orientation = .portrait
let activityIndicator: UIActivityIndicatorView = {
let activityIndicator = UIActivityIndicatorView()
activityIndicator.style = .large
activityIndicator.hidesWhenStopped = true
activityIndicator.color = .white
activityIndicator.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
activityIndicator.startAnimating()
return activityIndicator
}()
let isConnected = Notification.Name(rawValue: isConnectedNotificationKey)
let isNotConnected = Notification.Name(rawValue: isDisconnectedNotificationKey)
let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "Connectivity Error", message: "Network connection lost. Please check your WiFi settings, mobile data settings or reception coverage.", preferredStyle: .alert)
// MARK: - Lifecycle Methods
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
if UIDevice.current.orientation.isPortrait {
self.deviceOrientation = .portrait
self.tableView.register(CompanyStockCellPortrait.self, forCellReuseIdentifier: "CompanyStockCellPortrait")
} else {
self.deviceOrientation = .landscape
self.tableView.register(CompanyStockCellLandscape.self, forCellReuseIdentifier: "CompanyStockCellLandscape")
}
configureNavigationBar()
view.backgroundColor = .black
configureTableView()
configureConstraints()
createObservers()
}
deinit {
NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self)
}
private func createObservers() {
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(CompanyPriceListVC.dismissAndFetchStockInfo), name: isConnected, object: nil)
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(CompanyPriceListVC.notifyUserOnScreen(notification:)), name: isNotConnected, object: nil)
}
#objc private func fetchStockInfo() {
NetworkServices.sharedInstance.fetchStockInfo(symbols: companyStockSymbols, delegate: self)
}
#objc private func notifyUserOnScreen(notification: NSNotification) {
self.present(alertController, animated: true)
}
#objc public func dismissAndFetchStockInfo() {
print("DEBUG: isBeingPresented: \(alertController.isBeingPresented)")
if alertController.isBeingPresented {
self.alertController.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
}
fetchStockInfo()
}
override func willTransition(to newCollection: UITraitCollection, with coordinator: UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinator) {
super.willTransition(to: newCollection, with: coordinator)
coordinator.animate(alongsideTransition: { (context) in
guard let windowInterfaceOrientation = self.windowInterfaceOrientation else { return }
if windowInterfaceOrientation.isPortrait {
self.deviceOrientation = .portrait
self.tableView.register(CompanyStockCellPortrait.self, forCellReuseIdentifier: "CompanyStockCellPortrait")
self.tableView.reloadData()
} else {
self.deviceOrientation = .landscape
self.tableView.register(CompanyStockCellLandscape.self, forCellReuseIdentifier: "CompanyStockCellLandscape")
self.tableView.reloadData()
}
})
}
private var windowInterfaceOrientation: UIInterfaceOrientation? {
return self.view.window?.windowScene?.interfaceOrientation
}
// MARK: - TableView Data Source Methods
override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
return companyStockInfo.count
}
override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
switch deviceOrientation {
case .portrait:
let tableViewCellPortrait = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "CompanyStockCellPortrait", for: indexPath) as! CompanyStockCellPortrait
tableViewCellPortrait.symbolValue.text = companyStockInfo[indexPath.row].symbol
var latestPrice = companyStockInfo[indexPath.row].price
latestPrice = round(latestPrice * 100.0) / 100.00
tableViewCellPortrait.priceValue.text = String(format: "%.2f", arguments:[latestPrice])
if let _ = priceHistory[indexPath.row].previous {
let absoluteDifference = priceHistory[indexPath.row].absolute
let relativeDifference = priceHistory[indexPath.row].relative
if absoluteDifference > 0.0 {
tableViewCellPortrait.priceDirectionImageView.image = UIImage(systemName: "arrowtriangle.up.fill")
tableViewCellPortrait.priceDirectionImageView.tintColor = .systemGreen
tableViewCellPortrait.relativePriceDiffValue.text = String(format: "%.2f%%", arguments: [relativeDifference])
tableViewCellPortrait.relativePriceDiffValue.textColor = .systemGreen
tableViewCellPortrait.absolutePriceDiffValue.text = String(format: "(%.2f)", arguments: [absoluteDifference])
tableViewCellPortrait.absolutePriceDiffValue.textColor = .systemGreen
} else if absoluteDifference < 0.0 {
tableViewCellPortrait.priceDirectionImageView.image = UIImage(systemName: "arrowtriangle.down.fill")
tableViewCellPortrait.priceDirectionImageView.tintColor = .systemRed
tableViewCellPortrait.relativePriceDiffValue.text = String(format: "%.2f%%", arguments: [relativeDifference])
tableViewCellPortrait.relativePriceDiffValue.textColor = .systemRed
tableViewCellPortrait.absolutePriceDiffValue.text = String(format: "(%.2f)", arguments: [absoluteDifference])
tableViewCellPortrait.absolutePriceDiffValue.textColor = .systemRed
} else {
tableViewCellPortrait.priceDirectionImageView.image = UIImage(systemName: "diamond.fill")
tableViewCellPortrait.priceDirectionImageView.tintColor = .white
tableViewCellPortrait.relativePriceDiffValue.text = "0.00%"
tableViewCellPortrait.relativePriceDiffValue.textColor = .white
tableViewCellPortrait.absolutePriceDiffValue.text = "(0.00)"
tableViewCellPortrait.absolutePriceDiffValue.textColor = .white
}
} else {
tableViewCellPortrait.priceDirectionImageView.image = UIImage()
tableViewCellPortrait.priceDirectionImageView.tintColor = .white
tableViewCellPortrait.relativePriceDiffValue.text = ""
tableViewCellPortrait.absolutePriceDiffValue.text = ""
}
return tableViewCellPortrait
case .landscape:
let tableViewCellLandscape = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "CompanyStockCellLandscape", for: indexPath) as! CompanyStockCellLandscape
tableViewCellLandscape.symbolValue.text = companyStockInfo[indexPath.row].symbol
var latestPrice = companyStockInfo[indexPath.row].price
latestPrice = round(latestPrice * 100.0) / 100.00
tableViewCellLandscape.priceValue.text = String(format: "%.2f", arguments:[latestPrice])
if let _ = priceHistory[indexPath.row].previous {
let absoluteDifference = priceHistory[indexPath.row].absolute
let relativeDifference = priceHistory[indexPath.row].relative
if absoluteDifference > 0.0 {
tableViewCellLandscape.priceDirectionImageView.image = UIImage(systemName: "arrowtriangle.up.fill")
tableViewCellLandscape.priceDirectionImageView.tintColor = .systemGreen
tableViewCellLandscape.relativePriceDiffValue.text = String(format: "%.2f%%", arguments: [relativeDifference])
tableViewCellLandscape.relativePriceDiffValue.textColor = .systemGreen
tableViewCellLandscape.absolutePriceDiffValue.text = String(format: "(%.2f)", arguments: [absoluteDifference])
tableViewCellLandscape.absolutePriceDiffValue.textColor = .systemGreen
} else if absoluteDifference < 0.0 {
tableViewCellLandscape.priceDirectionImageView.image = UIImage(systemName: "arrowtriangle.down.fill")
tableViewCellLandscape.priceDirectionImageView.tintColor = .systemRed
tableViewCellLandscape.relativePriceDiffValue.text = String(format: "%.2f%%", arguments: [relativeDifference])
tableViewCellLandscape.relativePriceDiffValue.textColor = .systemRed
tableViewCellLandscape.absolutePriceDiffValue.text = String(format: "(%.2f)", arguments: [absoluteDifference])
tableViewCellLandscape.absolutePriceDiffValue.textColor = .systemRed
} else {
tableViewCellLandscape.priceDirectionImageView.image = UIImage(systemName: "diamond.fill")
tableViewCellLandscape.priceDirectionImageView.tintColor = .white
tableViewCellLandscape.relativePriceDiffValue.text = "0.00%"
tableViewCellLandscape.relativePriceDiffValue.textColor = .white
tableViewCellLandscape.absolutePriceDiffValue.text = "(0.00)"
tableViewCellLandscape.absolutePriceDiffValue.textColor = .white
}
} else {
tableViewCellLandscape.priceDirectionImageView.image = UIImage()
tableViewCellLandscape.priceDirectionImageView.tintColor = .white
tableViewCellLandscape.relativePriceDiffValue.text = ""
tableViewCellLandscape.absolutePriceDiffValue.text = ""
}
return tableViewCellLandscape
}
}
// MARK: - TableView Delegate Methods
override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, heightForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGFloat {
return 100.0
}
override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, didSelectRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
companyDetailsVC = CompanyDetailsVC(companyStockInfo: companyStockInfo[indexPath.row])
tableRowSelected = indexPath.row
navigationController?.pushViewController(companyDetailsVC!, animated: true)
}
// MARK: - Helper Functions
private func configureNavigationBar() {
UINavigationBar.appearance().titleTextAttributes = [NSAttributedString.Key.foregroundColor: UIColor.white]
navigationController?.navigationBar.topItem?.title = "Trade Tracker"
navigationController?.navigationBar.barStyle = .black
navigationController?.navigationBar.prefersLargeTitles = true
}
private func configureTableView() {
tableView.delegate = self
tableView.dataSource = self
tableView.separatorStyle = .singleLine
tableView.separatorColor = .white
tableView.tableFooterView = UIView()
}
private func configureConstraints() {
tableView.addSubview(activityIndicator)
NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
activityIndicator.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: tableView.centerXAnchor),
activityIndicator.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: tableView.topAnchor, constant: 250)
])
tableView.layoutSubviews()
}
}
// MARK: - Network Service Delegate Method
extension CompanyPriceListVC: NetworkServicesDelegate {
func sendStockInfo(stocksInfo: [String : StockInfo]) {
DispatchQueue.main.async {
// Compute absolute and relative price differences
for (index, symbol) in self.companyStockSymbols.enumerated() {
if stocksInfo[symbol] != nil {
self.priceHistory[index].previous = self.companyStockInfo[index].price
self.companyStockInfo[index] = stocksInfo[symbol]!
var latestPrice = self.companyStockInfo[index].price
latestPrice = round(latestPrice * 100.0) / 100.00
if let previous = self.priceHistory[index].previous {
let previousPrice = round(previous * 100.0) / 100.0
var absoluteDifference = latestPrice - previousPrice
absoluteDifference = round(absoluteDifference * 100.0) / 100.0
self.priceHistory[index].absolute = absoluteDifference
var relativeDifference = 0.0
if previousPrice != 0.00 {
relativeDifference = (absoluteDifference / previousPrice) * 100.0
relativeDifference = round(relativeDifference * 100) / 100.0
}
self.priceHistory[index].relative = relativeDifference
}
}
}
self.tableView.reloadData()
self.activityIndicator.stopAnimating()
guard let rowSelected = self.tableRowSelected else { return }
self.companyDetailsVC!.companyStockInfo = self.companyStockInfo[rowSelected]
self.companyDetailsVC!.relativeDifference = self.priceHistory[rowSelected].relative
self.companyDetailsVC!.absoluteDifference = self.priceHistory[rowSelected].absolute
}
}
}
and here is my network services class;
import UIKit
import Starscream
import Network
protocol NetworkServicesDelegate: AnyObject {
func sendStockInfo(stocksInfo: [String: StockInfo])
}
final class NetworkServices {
static let sharedInstance = NetworkServices()
var request = URLRequest(url: FINNHUB_SOCKET_STOCK_INFO_URL!)
var socket: WebSocket!
public private(set) var isConnected = false
var stocksInfo: [String: StockInfo] = [:]
var socketResults: [String: [StockInfo]] = [:]
weak var delegate: NetworkServicesDelegate?
var stockSymbols: [String] = []
private init() {
request.timeoutInterval = 5
socket = WebSocket(request: request)
socket.delegate = self
}
private let queue = DispatchQueue.global()
private let monitor = NWPathMonitor()
public func startMonitoring() {
monitor.start(queue: queue)
self.monitor.pathUpdateHandler = { [weak self] path in
if path.status == .satisfied {
// connect the socket
self?.socket.connect()
} else {
// disconnect the socket
self?.socket.disconnect()
// post notification that socket is now disconnected
DispatchQueue.main.async {
let name = Notification.Name(rawValue: isDisconnectedNotificationKey)
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: name, object: nil)
}
}
}
}
public func stopMonitoring() {
monitor.cancel()
}
func fetchStockInfo(symbols: [String], delegate: CompanyPriceListVC) {
stockSymbols = symbols
self.delegate = delegate
for symbol in symbols {
let string = FINNHUB_SOCKET_MESSAGE_STRING + symbol + "\"}"
socket.write(string: string)
}
}
private func parseJSONSocketData(_ socketString: String) {
self.socketResults = [:]
self.stocksInfo = [:]
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
do {
let socketData = try decoder.decode(SocketData.self, from: socketString.data(using: .utf8)!)
guard let stockInfoData = socketData.data else { return }
for stockInfo in stockInfoData {
let symbol = stockInfo.symbol
if self.socketResults[symbol] == nil {
self.socketResults[symbol] = [StockInfo]()
}
self.socketResults[symbol]?.append(stockInfo)
}
for (symbol, stocks) in self.socketResults {
for item in stocks {
if self.stocksInfo[symbol] == nil {
self.stocksInfo[symbol] = item
} else if item.timestamp > self.stocksInfo[symbol]!.timestamp {
self.stocksInfo[symbol] = item
}
}
}
self.delegate?.sendStockInfo(stocksInfo: self.stocksInfo)
} catch {
print("DEBUG: error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
}
func fetchCompanyInfo(symbol: String, completion: #escaping (CompanyInfo?, UIImage?)->()) {
let urlString = FINNHUB_HTTP_COMPANY_INFO_URL_STRING + symbol + "&token=" + FINNHUB_API_TOKEN
guard let url = URL(string: urlString) else { return }
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { data, response, error in
if let error = error {
print("Error fetching company info: \(error)")
}
guard let data = data else { return }
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
do {
let companyInfo = try decoder.decode(CompanyInfo.self, from: data)
guard let logoURL = URL(string: companyInfo.logo) else { return }
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: logoURL) { data, response, error in
if let error = error {
print("Error fetching logo image: \(error)")
}
guard let data = data else { return }
guard let logoImage = UIImage(data: data) else { return }
completion(companyInfo, logoImage)
}
task.resume()
} catch {
print("Error decoding JSON: \(error)")
completion(nil, nil)
}
}
task.resume()
}
}
extension NetworkServices: WebSocketDelegate {
func didReceive(event: WebSocketEvent, client: WebSocket) {
switch event {
case .connected(_):
self.isConnected = true
// post notification that socket is now connected
let name = Notification.Name(rawValue: isConnectedNotificationKey)
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: name, object: nil)
case .disconnected(let reason, let code):
print("DEBUG: Got disconnected.")
self.isConnected = false
case .cancelled:
print("DEBUG: cancelled.")
// post notification that socket is not connected
case .reconnectSuggested(let suggestReconnect):
print("DEBUG: suggestReconnect = \(suggestReconnect)")
// post notification that socket is not connected
case .viabilityChanged(let viabilityChanged):
print("DEBUG: viabilityChange = \(viabilityChanged)")
case .error(let error):
print("DEBUG error: \(String(describing: error?.localizedDescription))")
case .text(let socketString):
parseJSONSocketData(socketString)
default:
break
}
}
}
I've tried querying the isBeingPresented property of the alert controller but it always tests as false even though I can see the alert controller is being presented.
You could do a check if the currently presented UIViewController is actually the alertController like this:
#objc public func dismissAndFetchStockInfo() {
if presentedViewController == alertController {
alertController.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
}
fetchStockInfo()
}
This is because isBeingPresented is only valid inside the view[Will|Did][Disa|A]ppear methods.

Having troubles with pagination on swift collectionView

My goal is load more info when the user reaches the end of my collectionViewPokemon, but the getPokes func I'm using to achieve this is being called X amount of times, corresponding to the while statement I implemented to get the info from other endpoints. That's far from the behavior I expected.
This is how my code looks:
Service class
class Service {
let baseUrl = "https://pokeapi.co/api/v2/pokemon"
let limit = 20
var offset = 0
var isPaginating = false
func getPokes(pagination: Bool = false,
handler: #escaping ([Pokemon]) -> Void) {
let topCalls = (limit*5)-limit
let originalPokes = [Pokemon]()
let morePokemons = [Pokemon]()
var endpoint = "\(baseUrl)/?limit=\(limit)&offset=\(offset)"
if pagination {
while offset < topCalls {
isPaginating = true
offset += limit
endpoint = "\(baseUrl)/?limit=\(limit)&offset=\(offset)"
self.mainApiCall(mainList: morePokemons, endpoint: endpoint) { (result) in
switch result {
case .success(let pokemons):
handler(pokemons)
if pagination {
self.isPaginating = true
}
case .failure(let error):
print(error)
}
}
}
} else {
self.mainApiCall(mainList: originalPokes, endpoint: endpoint) { (result) in
switch result {
case .success(let pokemons):
handler(pokemons)
case .failure(let error):
print(error)
}
}
}
}
ViewController class (the properties)
class ViewController: UIViewController,
UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout,
UICollectionViewDelegate,
UICollectionViewDataSource,
UIScrollViewDelegate {
private let service = Service()
private var pagingChecker = false
var generalList = [Pokemon]()
var pokemons = [Pokemon]()
var morePokemons = [Pokemon]()
. . .
}
viewDidLoad method (this is ok so far)
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
setViews()
service.getPokes(pagination: false) { [self] (pokes) in
pokemons = pokes
generalList += pokemons
DispatchQueue.main.async {
collectionViewPokemon?.reloadData()
}
}
}
scrollViewDidScroll method (here's the error)
func scrollViewDidScroll(_ scrollView: UIScrollView) {
let position = scrollView.contentOffset.y
if position > ((collectionViewPokemon!.contentSize.height) - 200 - scrollView.frame.size.height) {
guard !service.isPaginating else { return }
if !pagingChecker {
service.getPokes(pagination: true) { [self] (morePokes) in
morePokemons = morePokes
generalList += morePokemons
DispatchQueue.main.async {
collectionViewPokemon?.reloadData()
}
}
} else {
pagingChecker = true
print("Done paging.")
}
}
}
The thing is I wanna fetch just one array of pokemons at a time, but instead I'm making all the endpoint calls at the same time, and also appending them to my generalList array, who owns my collectionView datasource and all that stuff.
PD: Idk if it'll help, but here's a screenshot of my console. The first msg is ok, but it should print the others only when the user reaches the end of the CollectionView, and well, that's not happening (instead, they're all coming back at the same time!)
I can't figure out how to get this done. I would really appreciate any advice or correction, thanks.
I figured out what was happening. I was using a while statement to repeat my Api call as long as it satisfy it's condition (limit<topCalls).
So, I worked out some ways to not using that while statement, and ended up using a function to construct every URL, and then, set up a shouldPage parameter that checked if that apiCall needed to be done or not.
This is how my code ended up:
let baseUrl = "https://pokeapi.co/api/v2/pokemon"
let limit = 20
var offset = 0
func getPokes(pageNumber: Int = 1,
shouldPage: Bool = true,
handler: #escaping ([Pokemon]) -> Void) {
let originalPokes = [Pokemon]()
let morePokemons = [Pokemon]()
let endpoint = buildEndpoint(shouldPage: shouldPage)
if shouldPage {
mainApiCall(mainList: morePokemons, endpoint: endpoint) { (result) in
switch result {
case .success(let pokemons):
handler(pokemons)
case .failure(let error):
print(error)
}
}
} else {
mainApiCall(mainList: originalPokes, endpoint: endpoint) { (result) in
switch result {
case .success(let pokemons):
handler(pokemons)
case .failure(let error):
print(error)
}
}
}
}
private func buildEndpoint(shouldPage: Bool = false) -> String {
var endpoint = "\(baseUrl)/?limit=\(limit)&offset=\(offset)"
if shouldPage {
offset += limit
endpoint = "\(baseUrl)/?limit=\(limit)&offset=\(offset)"
}
return endpoint
}
That's on my Service class. So, in my CollectionView Datasource, I call getPokes(shouldPage: false) on cellForItemAt, and in willDisplay cell I say shouldPage is true. That fixed the problem.

Firestore pagination using MVVM architecture swift

I don't quite understand what I am doing wrong since I am very new to MVVM. It worked in MVC architecture. I've setup my VM and am able to get the first set of results and even then that's not working properly. I get 4 results instead of 10 which is what LOADLIMIT is set as. I was able to get it to work in an MVC architecture without any issues. The VM function which triggers the query is called multiple (3) times instead of just once i.e. even prior to scrolling.
Here is my VM:
enum FetchRestaurant {
case success
case error
case location
case end
}
class ListViewModel {
let restaurant: [Restaurant]?
let db = Firestore.firestore()
var restaurantArray = [Restaurant]()
var lastDocument: DocumentSnapshot?
var currentLocation: CLLocation?
typealias fetchRestaurantCallback = (_ restaurants: [Restaurant]?, _ message: String?, _ status: FetchRestaurant) -> Void
var restaurantFetched: fetchRestaurantCallback?
var fetchRestaurant: FetchRestaurant?
init(restaurant: [Restaurant]) {
self.restaurant = restaurant
}
func fetchRestaurantCallback (callback: #escaping fetchRestaurantCallback) {
self.restaurantFetched = callback
}
func fetchRestaurants(address: String) {
print("address received: \(address)")
getLocation(from: address) { location in
if let location = location {
self.currentLocation = location
self.queryGenerator(at: location)
} else {
self.restaurantFetched?(nil, nil, .location)
}
}
}
func queryGenerator(at location: CLLocation) {
var query: Query!
if restaurantArray.isEmpty {
query = db.collection("Restaurant_Data").whereField("distributionType", isLessThanOrEqualTo: 2).limit(to: Constants.Mealplan.LOADLIMIT)
} else {
print("last document:\(String(describing: lastDocument?.documentID))")
query = db.collection("Restaurant_Data").whereField("distributionType", isLessThanOrEqualTo: 2).start(afterDocument: lastDocument!).limit(to: Constants.Mealplan.LOADLIMIT)
}
batchFetch(query: query)
}
func batchFetch(query: Query) {
query.getDocuments { (querySnapshot, error) in
if let error = error {
self.restaurantFetched?(nil, error.localizedDescription, .error)
} else if querySnapshot!.isEmpty {
self.restaurantFetched?(nil, nil, .end)
} else if !querySnapshot!.isEmpty {
let queriedRestaurants = querySnapshot?.documents.compactMap { querySnapshot -> Restaurant? in
return try? querySnapshot.data(as: Restaurant.self)
}
guard let restaurants = queriedRestaurants,
let currentLocation = self.currentLocation else {
self.restaurantFetched?(nil, nil, .end)
return }
self.restaurantArray.append(contentsOf: self.applicableRestaurants(allQueriedRestaurants: restaurants, location: currentLocation))
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now(), execute: {
self.restaurantFetched?(self.restaurantArray, nil, .success)
})
self.lastDocument = querySnapshot!.documents.last
}
}
}
func getLocation(from address: String, completionHandler: #escaping (_ location: CLLocation?) -> Void) {
let geocoder = CLGeocoder()
geocoder.geocodeAddressString(address) { (placemarks, error) in
guard let placemarks = placemarks,
let location = placemarks.first?.location else {
completionHandler(nil)
return
}
completionHandler(location)
}
}
}
And in the VC viewDidLoad:
var fetchMore = false
var reachedEnd = false
let leadingScreensForBatching: CGFloat = 5.0
var searchController = UISearchController(searchResultsController: nil)
var currentAddress : String?
var listViewModel = ListViewModel(restaurant: [Restaurant]())
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
listViewModel.fetchRestaurantCallback { (restaurants, error, result) in
switch result {
case .success :
self.loadingShimmer.stopShimmering()
self.loadingShimmer.removeFromSuperview()
guard let fetchedRestaurants = restaurants else { return }
self.restaurantArray.append(contentsOf: fetchedRestaurants)
self.tableView.reloadData()
self.fetchMore = false
case .location :
self.showAlert(alertTitle: "No businesses nearby", message: "Try going back and changing the address")
case .error :
guard let error = error else { return }
self.showAlert(alertTitle: "Error", message: error)
case .end :
self.fetchMore = false
self.reachedEnd = true
}
}
if let currentAddress = currentAddress {
listViewModel.fetchRestaurants(address: currentAddress)
}
}
I would really appreciate links or resources for implementing MVVM in Swift for a Firestore back-end. I'm coming up short on searches here and on Google. Even tried medium.
EDIT
class ListViewController: UITableViewController {
lazy var loadingShimmer: UIImageView = {
let image = UIImage(named: "shimmer_background")
let imageview = UIImageView(image: image)
imageview.contentMode = .top
imageview.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
return imageview
}()
var restaurantArray = [Restaurant]()
var planDictionary = [String: Any]()
var fetchMore = false
var reachedEnd = false
let leadingScreensForBatching: CGFloat = 5.0
var searchController = UISearchController(searchResultsController: nil)
var currentAddress : String?
var listViewModel = ListViewModel(restaurant: [Restaurant]())
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
setupTable()
}
override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
clearsSelectionOnViewWillAppear = false
}
func setupTable() {
navigationItem.backBarButtonItem = UIBarButtonItem(title: "Restaurant", style: .plain, target: nil, action: nil)
tableView.register(RestaurantCell.self, forCellReuseIdentifier: "Cell")
tableView.delegate = self
tableView.dataSource = self
let navigationBarHeight: CGFloat = self.navigationController!.navigationBar.frame.height
tableView.contentInset = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0, left: 0, bottom: -navigationBarHeight, right: 0)
tableView.separatorStyle = .none
tableView.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = false
tableView.addSubview(loadingShimmer)
loadingShimmer.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: tableView.safeAreaLayoutGuide.topAnchor).isActive = true
loadingShimmer.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: tableView.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
loadingShimmer.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: tableView.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
loadingShimmer.startShimmering()
initialSetup()
}
func initialSetup() {
let addressOne = planDictionary["addressOne"] as! String + ", "
let city = planDictionary["city"] as! String + ", "
let postalCode = planDictionary["postalCode"] as! String
currentAddress = addressOne + city + postalCode
setupSearch()
listViewModel.fetchRestaurantCallback { (restaurants, error, result) in
switch result {
case .success :
self.loadingShimmer.stopShimmering()
self.loadingShimmer.removeFromSuperview()
guard let fetchedRestaurants = restaurants else { return }
self.restaurantArray.append(contentsOf: fetchedRestaurants)
self.tableView.reloadData()
self.fetchMore = false
case .location :
self.showAlert(alertTitle: "No businesses nearby", message: "Try going back and changing the address")
case .error :
guard let error = error else { return }
self.showAlert(alertTitle: "Error", message: error)
case .end :
self.fetchMore = false
self.reachedEnd = true
}
}
if let currentAddress = currentAddress {
listViewModel.fetchRestaurants(address: currentAddress)
}
}
override func scrollViewDidEndDecelerating(_ scrollView: UIScrollView) {
let off = scrollView.contentOffset.y
let off1 = scrollView.contentSize.height
if off > off1 - scrollView.frame.height * leadingScreensForBatching {
print("\(fetchMore), \(reachedEnd)")
if !fetchMore && !reachedEnd {
if let address = self.currentAddress {
print("address sent: \(address)")
listViewModel.fetchRestaurants(address: address)
}
}
}
}
}
That you're only getting back 4 results instead of 10 is not due to a faulty query or get-document request—those are coded properly. You're either losing documents when you parse them (some are failing Restaurant initialization), Constants.Mealplan.LOADLIMIT is wrong, or there aren't more than 4 documents in the collection itself that satisfy the query.
That the query is executed 3 times instead of once is also not due to anything in this code—viewDidLoad is only called once and geocodeAddressString only returns once. You're making a fetch request elsewhere that we can't see.
In the batchFetch method, you have a guard that returns out of the function without ever calling its completion handler. This will leave the UI in a state of limbo. I'd recommend always calling the completion handler no matter why the function returns.
You never manage the document cursor. If the get-document return has less documents than the load limit, then nil the last-document cursor. This way, when you attempt to get the next page of documents, guard against a nil cursor and see if there is even more to fetch.
There's no need to pass in an empty array and have your function fill it; simply construct and return an array of results within ListViewModel itself.
We can't see how you trigger pagination. Is it through a scroll delegate when the user reaches the bottom or through a button tap, for example? If it's through a scroll delegate, then I'd disable that for now and see how many returns you get—I suspect one, instead of 3.
What is the particular reason you've ditched MVC for MVVM here? With MVC, you can get pagination up with just a few lines of code. I think MVVM is overkill for iOS applications and would advise against using it unless you have a compelling reason.

Why does my segue not wait until completion handler finished?

I have a page based app, using RootViewController, ModelViewController, DataViewController, and a SearchViewController.
In my searchViewController, I search for an item and then add or remove that Item to an array which is contained in a Manager class(and UserDefaults), which the modelViewController uses to instantiate an instance of DataViewController with the correct information loaded using the dataObject. Depending on whether an Item was added or removed, I use a Bool to determine which segue was used, addCoin or removeCoin, so that the RootViewController(PageView) will show either the last page in the array, (when a page is added) or the first (when removed).
Everything was working fine until I ran into an error which I can not diagnose, the problem is that when I add a page, the app crashes, giving me a "unexpectadely found nil when unwrapping an optional value"
This appears to be the problem function, in the searchViewController 'self.performSegue(withIdentifier: "addCoin"' seems to be called instantly, even without the dispatchque:
#objc func addButtonAction(sender: UIButton!) {
print("Button tapped")
if Manager.shared.coins.contains(dataObject) {
Duplicate()
} else if Manager.shared.coins.count == 5 {
max()
} else {
Manager.shared.addCoin(coin: dataObject)
CGPrices.shared.getData(arr: true, completion: { (success) in
print(Manager.shared.coins)
DispatchQueue.main.async {
self.performSegue(withIdentifier: "addCoin", sender: self)
}
})
}
searchBar.text = ""
}
Meaning that In my DataViewController, this function will find nil:
func getIndex() {
let index = CGPrices.shared.coinData.index(where: { $0.id == dataObject })!
dataIndex = index
}
I can't find out why it does not wait for completion.
I also get this error about threads:
[Assert] Cannot be called with asCopy = NO on non-main thread.
which is why I try to do the push segue using dispatch que
Here is my searchViewController full code:
import UIKit
class SearchViewController: UIViewController, UISearchBarDelegate {
let selectionLabel = UILabel()
let searchBar = UISearchBar()
let addButton = UIButton()
let removeButton = UIButton()
var filteredObject: [String] = []
var dataObject = ""
var isSearching = false
//Add Button Action.
#objc func addButtonAction(sender: UIButton!) {
print("Button tapped")
if Manager.shared.coins.contains(dataObject) {
Duplicate()
} else if Manager.shared.coins.count == 5 {
max()
} else {
Manager.shared.addCoin(coin: dataObject)
CGPrices.shared.getData(arr: true, completion: { (success) in
print(Manager.shared.coins)
DispatchQueue.main.async {
self.performSegue(withIdentifier: "addCoin", sender: self)
}
})
}
searchBar.text = ""
}
//Remove button action.
#objc func removeButtonActon(sender: UIButton!) {
print("Button tapped")
if Manager.shared.coins.contains(dataObject) {
Duplicate()
} else if Manager.shared.coins.count == 5 {
max()
} else {
Manager.shared.removeCoin(coin: dataObject)
self.performSegue(withIdentifier: "addCoin", sender: self)
}
searchBar.text = ""
}
//Prepare for segue, pass removeCoinSegue Bool depending on remove or addCoin.
override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
if segue.identifier == "addCoin" {
if let destinationVC = segue.destination as? RootViewController {
destinationVC.addCoinSegue = true
}
} else if segue.identifier == "addCoin" {
if let destinationVC = segue.destination as? RootViewController {
destinationVC.addCoinSegue = false
}
}
}
//Remove button action.
#objc func removeButtonAction(sender: UIButton!) {
if Manager.shared.coins.count == 1 {
removeAlert()
} else {
Manager.shared.removeCoin(coin: dataObject)
print(Manager.shared.coins)
print(dataObject)
searchBar.text = ""
self.removeButton.isHidden = true
DispatchQueue.main.async {
self.performSegue(withIdentifier: "removeCoin", sender: self)
}
}
}
//Search/Filter the struct from CGNames, display both the Symbol and the Name but use the ID as dataObject.
func filterStructForSearchText(searchText: String, scope: String = "All") {
if !searchText.isEmpty {
isSearching = true
filteredObject = CGNames.shared.coinNameData.filter {
// if you need to search key and value and include partial matches
// $0.key.contains(searchText) || $0.value.contains(searchText)
// if you need to search caseInsensitively key and value and include partial matches
$0.name.range(of: searchText, options: .caseInsensitive) != nil || $0.symbol.range(of: searchText, options: .caseInsensitive) != nil
}
.map{ $0.id }
} else {
isSearching = false
print("NoText")
}
}
//Running filter function when text changes.
func searchBar(_ searchBar: UISearchBar, textDidChange searchText: String) {
filterStructForSearchText(searchText: searchText)
if isSearching == true && filteredObject.count > 0 {
addButton.isHidden = false
dataObject = filteredObject[0]
selectionLabel.text = dataObject
if Manager.shared.coins.contains(dataObject) {
removeButton.isHidden = false
addButton.isHidden = true
} else {
removeButton.isHidden = true
addButton.isHidden = false
}
} else {
addButton.isHidden = true
removeButton.isHidden = true
selectionLabel.text = "e.g. btc/bitcoin"
}
}
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
//Setup the UI.
self.view.backgroundColor = .gray
setupView()
}
override func viewDidLayoutSubviews() {
}
//Hide keyboard
override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
self.view.endEditing(true)
}
//Alerts
func removeAlert() {
let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "Can't Remove", message: "\(dataObject) can't be deleted, add another to delete \(dataObject)", preferredStyle: .alert)
alertController.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "Okay", style: .default, handler: nil))
self.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
func Duplicate() {
let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "Duplicate", message: "\(dataObject) is already in your pages!", preferredStyle: .alert)
alertController.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "Okay", style: .default, handler: nil))
self.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
func max() {
let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "Maximum Reached", message: "\(dataObject) can't be added, you have reached the maximum of 5 coins. Please delete a coin to add another.", preferredStyle: .alert)
alertController.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "Okay", style: .default, handler: nil))
self.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
}
and here is the DataViewController
import UIKit
class DataViewController: UIViewController {
#IBOutlet weak var dataLabel: UILabel!
//Variables and Objects.
//The dataObject carries the chosen cryptocurrencies ID from the CoinGecko API to use to get the correct data to load on each object.
var dataObject = String()
//The DefaultCurrency (gbp, eur...) chosen by the user.
var defaultCurrency = ""
//The Currency Unit taken from the exchange section of the API.
var currencyUnit = CGExchange.shared.exchangeData[0].rates.gbp.unit
var secondaryUnit = CGExchange.shared.exchangeData[0].rates.eur.unit
var tertiaryUnit = CGExchange.shared.exchangeData[0].rates.usd.unit
//Index of the dataObject
var dataIndex = Int()
//Objects
let cryptoLabel = UILabel()
let cryptoIconImage = UIImageView()
let secondaryPriceLabel = UILabel()
let mainPriceLabel = UILabel()
let tertiaryPriceLabel = UILabel()
//Custom Fonts.
let customFont = UIFont(name: "AvenirNext-Heavy", size: UIFont.labelFontSize)
let secondFont = UIFont(name: "AvenirNext-BoldItalic" , size: UIFont.labelFontSize)
//Setup Functions
//Get the index of the dataObject
func getIndex() {
let index = CGPrices.shared.coinData.index(where: { $0.id == dataObject })!
dataIndex = index
}
//Label
func setupLabels() {
//cryptoLabel from dataObject as name.
cryptoLabel.text = CGPrices.shared.coinData[dataIndex].name
//Prices from btc Exchange rate.
let btcPrice = CGPrices.shared.coinData[dataIndex].current_price!
let dcExchangeRate = CGExchange.shared.exchangeData[0].rates.gbp.value
let secondaryExchangeRate = CGExchange.shared.exchangeData[0].rates.eur.value
let tertiaryExchangeRate = CGExchange.shared.exchangeData[0].rates.usd.value
let realPrice = (btcPrice * dcExchangeRate)
let secondaryPrice = (btcPrice * secondaryExchangeRate)
let tertiaryPrice = (btcPrice * tertiaryExchangeRate)
secondaryPriceLabel.text = "\(secondaryUnit)\(String((round(1000 * secondaryPrice) / 1000)))"
mainPriceLabel.text = "\(currencyUnit)\(String((round(1000 * realPrice) /1000)))"
tertiaryPriceLabel.text = "\(tertiaryUnit)\(String((round(1000 * tertiaryPrice) / 1000)))"
}
//Image
func getIcon() {
let chosenImage = CGPrices.shared.coinData[dataIndex].image
let remoteImageUrl = URL(string: chosenImage)
guard let url = remoteImageUrl else { return }
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, err) in
guard let data = data else { return }
do {
DispatchQueue.main.async {
self.cryptoIconImage.image = UIImage(data: data)
}
}
}.resume()
}
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// for family in UIFont.familyNames.sorted() {
// let names = UIFont.fontNames(forFamilyName: family)
// print("Family: \(family) Font names: \(names)")
// }
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
self.setupLayout()
self.getIndex()
self.setupLabels()
self.getIcon()
}
override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
super.viewWillAppear(animated)
self.dataLabel!.text = dataObject
view.backgroundColor = .lightGray
}
}
Edit: CGPrices Class with getData method:
import Foundation
class CGPrices {
struct Coins: Decodable {
let id: String
let name: String
let symbol: String
let image: String
let current_price: Double?
let low_24h: Double?
//let price_change_24h: Double?
}
var coinData = [Coins]()
var defaultCurrency = ""
var coins = Manager.shared.coins
var coinsEncoded = ""
static let shared = CGPrices()
func encode() {
for i in 0..<coins.count {
coinsEncoded += coins[i]
if (i + 1) < coins.count { coinsEncoded += "%2C" }
}
print("encoded")
}
func getData(arr: Bool, completion: #escaping (Bool) -> ()) {
encode()
let urlJSON = "https://api.coingecko.com/api/v3/coins/markets?vs_currency=btc&ids=\(coinsEncoded)"
guard let url = URL(string: urlJSON) else { return }
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, err) in
guard let data = data else { return }
do {
let coinsData = try JSONDecoder().decode([Coins].self, from: data)
self.coinData = coinsData
completion(arr)
} catch let jsonErr {
print("error serializing json: \(jsonErr)")
print(data)
}
}.resume()
}
func refresh(completion: () -> ()) {
defaultCurrency = UserDefaults.standard.string(forKey: "DefaultCurrency")!
completion()
}
}
I figured it out.
The problem was inside my getData method I was not updated the coins array:
var coinData = [Coins]()
var defaultCurrency = ""
var coins = Manager.shared.coins
var coinsEncoded = ""
static let shared = CGPrices()
func encode() {
for i in 0..<coins.count {
coinsEncoded += coins[i]
if (i+1)<coins.count { coinsEncoded+="%2C" }
}
print("encoded")
}
I needed to add this line in getData:
func getData(arr: Bool, completion: #escaping (Bool) -> ()) {
//Adding this line to update the array so that the URL is appended correctly.
coins = Manager.shared.coins
encode()
let urlJSON = "https://api.coingecko.com/api/v3/coins/markets?vs_currency=btc&ids=\(coinsEncoded)"
This would fix the finding nil in the DataViewController, but the app would still crash do to updating UI Elements on a background thread, as the segue was called inside the completion handler of the getData method. to fix this, I used DispatchQue.Main.Async on the segue inside the getData method in the addButton function, to ensure that everything is updated on the main thread, like so:
#objc func addButtonAction(sender: UIButton!) {
print("Button tapped")
if Manager.shared.coins.contains(dataObject) {
Duplicate()
} else if Manager.shared.coins.count == 5 {
max()
} else {
Manager.shared.addCoin(coin: dataObject)
print("starting")
CGPrices.shared.getData(arr: true) { (arr) in
print("complete")
print(CGPrices.shared.coinData)
//Here making sure it is updated on main thread.
DispatchQueue.main.async {
self.performSegue(withIdentifier: "addCoin", sender: self)
}
}
}
searchBar.text = ""
}
Thanks for all the comments as they helped me to figure this out, and I learned a lot in doing so. Hopefully this can help someone else in their thought process when debugging, as one can get so caught up in one area of a problem, and forget to take a step back and look to other areas.