This PSQL statement in PowerShell:
.\psql --% -h localhost -p 5000 -U postgres -d mydatabase -c `
(SELECT * ...... do something);
Works - and does not prompt for a password.
.\psql.exe --help
States the -w switch is required for no password.
Why does this command work without a password? The database has a password.
The command does not work in the PSQL interactive shell without password authentication, only in PowerShell.
-w is not required for "no password" reread what it says, from my man psql
-w --no-password Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available by other means such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password. Note that this option will remain set for the entire session, and so it affects uses of the meta-command \connect as well as the initial connection attempt.
-w is meant for when you're running psql scripts and input for a password is not possible, like in a headless session.
Why does this command work without a password? The database has a password.
Even if the database has a password, if your pg_hba.conf file has trust no password will be required. To debug this further we need to see your pg_hba.conf.
Related
I want to write a script that will check whether replication is on or not, so I wrote the command in a script:- PGPASSWORD='********' psql -U user_name -p 54032 -c "select * from pg_stat_replication" -d postgres
but I want to encrypt the password for security purposes so I did MD5 encryption and put the hash of it.
PGPASSWORD='a67a4e657061eac2036a88ec523dbbbb' psql -U user_name -p 54032 -c "select * from pg_stat_replication" -d postgres
It's not working Please help me.
There is no way to avoid having a clear text password somewhere, either on the command line or in the environment or in a password file.
If you want to authenticate without a clear text password anywhere, use certificate authentication with a client certificate.
I am using postgres 9.3 . I want to make a script to create my database cluster and supply the password inline in the terminal. I know you can do it from file, but is there a way to do it command line?
that is the line I am using right now : 'initdb -D path/to/cluster -W -A password'
it then prompt me for password, I tried to provide it inline, but it does not work. Any ideas?
thanks
You can accomplish this with a shell trick. Assuming bash shell:
initdb -D path/to/cluster -A password --pwfile=<(echo secretpassword)
(Although you should never use -A password, use at least md5.)
As for your comment, it is hard to say what is going on. You don't show us starting the server at all, or setting the port to start on to 5555, nor creating a user named 'dbuser'.
thanks everyone!
It worked when I changed 'password' to 'md5' in my initdb statement.
although in the password.txt file, I can only store the password. If I follow the documentation from postgres
host:port:username:password it does not work anymore
I solved the connection problem with .pgpass. I've created the .pgpass file in the home directory and I was able to connect using: "psql -U username -d database -pXXXX"
Ok, my initial question was to supply the password inline in the terminal. But ,the proper way of doing is using the password file for security reason. Second, in the initdb statement use at least md5 for encryption. The password will be for the superuser for the default database. You statement should look like this:
"initdb -D /path/to/dbCluster -A md5 --pwfile=/path/to/password.txt"
Now, if you want to automatically connect to the database with psql without password prompt, you have to create a .pgpass file (linux) or pgpass.conf file (windows) with your user and password info in this format: host:port:db_name:user_name:password
Where you put those file is important:
Windows : /Users/user_name/AppData/Roaming/postgresql/pgpass.conf
(If the postgresql folder does not exist, you have to create it)
Linux : /home/user/.pgpass (with chmod 0600 permission on the file)
How to force psql to detect .pgpass file on Windows 10 system?
I install my psql 12.4 using this: https://www.enterprisedb.com/downloads/postgres-postgresql-downloads
When the system prompt me to enter password for user "postgres". I did give it a password.
But when I type psql on powershell terminal, it will require me to give password for user JinTan which i do not have.
(base) PS C:\Users\JinTan> psql
Password for user JinTan:
The only password i have is this:
(base) PS C:\Users\JinTan> psql -U postgres
Password for user postgres:
psql (12.4)
WARNING: Console code page (437) differs from Windows code page (1252)
8-bit characters might not work correctly. See psql reference
page "Notes for Windows users" for details.
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#
So my question is:
How do I make postgres user as the main user instead of typing psql -U postgres?
Thanks all for the advise. I have solved it using all the advise.
I use 'a_horse_with_no_name' method to add PGUSER with value of 'postgres' in my env variable.
To not allow system to ask for password everytime,
I use "Belayer" method to change all of the "md5" value in pg_hba.conf to "trust".
Then it works like charm without needing me to enter password everytime.
My older Postgresql servers accepts remote connections.
I'm trying to transfer the database from the old server to a new one. On the new server when logged in as root, I execute the following command
pg_dump -h oldserverip -U mydb -C mydb | psql -h localhost -d mydb -U mydb
I then get prompted with the following
"Password for user mydb: Password: "
Why is it asking for password twice?
and after I input the password, it waits there and nothing happens.
Any idea what the problem is?
Because you are using the -h flag twice, you are being asked for password twice. The second time you are getting asked for the password, there is no prompt because the pipe | is masking it. If you just “trust” that the password prompt is there, and you type in the password, things will proceed.
But that’s probably not what you want to do. If the passwords for both servers are the same, you can do export PGPASSWORD=<password> before issuing your command. If you fee uncomfortable with this, you could use a .pgpass file
Another option is to set PGPASSWORD for both the pg_dump and psql commands, like so:
PGPASSWORD=<password> pg_dump -h oldserverip -U mydb -C mydb | PGPASSWORD=<otherpassword> psql -h localhost -d mydb -U mydb
Finally, if your pg_hba.conf has a local all all trust entry, you can simply omit the -h localhost arg on the psql side, and you’ll only be prompted for a password once.
Take your pick!
Disclosure: I work for EnterpriseDB (EDB)
I am trying to automate database creation process with a shell script and one thing I've hit a road block with passing a password to psql.
Here is a bit of code from the shell script:
psql -U $DB_USER -h localhost -c"$DB_RECREATE_SQL"
How do I pass a password to psql in a non-interactive way?
Set the PGPASSWORD environment variable inside the script before calling psql
PGPASSWORD=pass1234 psql -U MyUsername myDatabaseName
For reference, see http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-envars.html
Edit
Since Postgres 9.2 there is also the option to specify a connection string or URI that can contain the username and password. Syntax is:
$ psql postgresql://[user[:password]#][host][:port][,...][/dbname][?param1=value1&...]
Using that is a security risk because the password is visible in plain text when looking at the command line of a running process e.g. using ps (Linux), ProcessExplorer (Windows) or similar tools, by other users.
See also this question on Database Administrators
From the official documentation:
It is also convenient to have a ~/.pgpass file to avoid regularly having to type in passwords. See Section 30.13 for more information.
...
This file should contain lines of the following format:
hostname:port:database:username:password
The password field from the first line that matches the current connection parameters will be used.
in one line:
export PGPASSWORD='password'; psql -h 'server name' -U 'user name' -d 'base name' -c 'command'
with command a sql command such as "select * from schema.table"
or more readable:
export PGPASSWORD='password'
psql -h 'server name' -U 'user name' -d 'base name' \
-c 'command' (eg. "select * from schema.table")
I tend to prefer passing a URL to psql:
psql "postgresql://$DB_USER:$DB_PWD#$DB_SERVER/$DB_NAME"
This gives me the freedom to name my environment variables as I wish and avoids creating unnecessary files.
This requires libpq. The documentation can be found here.
On Windows:
Assign value to PGPASSWORD: C:\>set PGPASSWORD=pass
Run command: C:\>psql -d database -U user
Ready
Or in one line,
set PGPASSWORD=pass&& psql -d database -U user
Note the lack of space before the && !
This can be done by creating a .pgpass file in the home directory of the (Linux) User.
.pgpass file format:
<databaseip>:<port>:<databasename>:<dbusername>:<password>
You can also use wild card * in place of details.
Say I wanted to run tmp.sql without prompting for a password.
With the following code you can in *.sh file
echo "192.168.1.1:*:*:postgres:postgrespwd" > $HOME/.pgpass
echo "` chmod 0600 $HOME/.pgpass `"
echo " ` psql -h 192.168.1.1 -p 5432 -U postgres postgres -f tmp.sql `
An alternative to using the PGPASSWORD environment variable is to use the conninfo string according to the documentation:
An alternative way to specify connection parameters is in a conninfo
string or a URI, which is used instead of a database name. This
mechanism give you very wide control over the connection.
$ psql "host=<server> port=5432 dbname=<db> user=<user> password=<password>"
postgres=>
If its not too late to add most of the options in one answer:
There are a couple of options:
set it in the pgpass file. link
set an environment variable and get it from there:
export PGPASSWORD='password'
and then run your psql to login or even run the command from
there:
psql -h clustername -U username -d testdb
On windows you will have to use "set" :
set PGPASSWORD=pass and then login to the psql bash.
Pass it via URL & env variable:
psql "postgresql://$USER_NAME:$PASSWORD#$HOST_NAME/$DB_NAME"
Just to add more clarity.
You can assign the password to the PGPASSWORD variable.
So instead of the below which will require you to type the password:
psql --host=aurora-postgres.cluster-fgshdjdf.eu-west-1.rds.amazonaws.com --port=5432 --user=my_master_user --password --dbname=postgres
We will replace the --password flag with PGPASSWORD=QghyumjB3ZtCQkdf. So it will be:
PGPASSWORD=QghyumjB3ZtCQkdf psql --host=aurora-postgres.cluster-fgshdjdf.eu-west-1.rds.amazonaws.com --port=5432 --user=my_master_user --dbname=postgres
This way you will not be required to type the password.
Added content of pg_env.sh to my .bashrc:
cat /opt/PostgreSQL/10/pg_env.sh
#!/bin/sh
# The script sets environment variables helpful for PostgreSQL
export PATH=/opt/PostgreSQL/10/bin:$PATH
export PGDATA=/opt/PostgreSQL/10/data
export PGDATABASE=postgres
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGPORT=5433
export PGLOCALEDIR=/opt/PostgreSQL/10/share/locale
export MANPATH=$MANPATH:/opt/PostgreSQL/10/share/man
with addition of (as per user4653174 suggestion)
export PGPASSWORD='password'
psql postgresql://myawsumuser:myPassword#127.0.0.1:5432/myawsumdb