I need to SFTP a file to a server. The password has a dollar sign $ and I need to escape it.
I tried with Perl and sed commands I am able to replace but the string following $ is not getting added.
Example:
echo "Np4$g" | perl -pe 's/$/\\\\\$/g'
output
Np4\\$
It supposed to be Np4\\$g, but g is not getting appended.
Code:
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
set timeout -1
spawn sftp -C -oPort=$port $sftp_username#$host_name
expect "password:"
send "$password\r"
expect "sftp>"
cd $remote_dir
send "mput *.txt\r"
expect "sftp>"
send
Your command
echo "Np4$g" | perl -pe 's/$/\\\\\$/g'
is failing for two reasons
In "Np4$g", the shell is interpolating the variable g into the double-quoted string. It probably isn't defined so it is replaced with nothing, and you are passing just Np4 to perl. You need to use single quotes to prevent the interpolation
In the Perl substitution s/$/\\\\\$/g the $ in the pattern matches the end of the string, not a literal dollar. That means Np4 is changed to Np4\\$. You need to escape the dollar sign in the pattern to get it to match a literal $
This will work correctly
echo 'Np4$g' | perl -pe 's/\$/\\\$/g'
output
Np4\$g
I suggest to not escape and replace
"Np4$g"
by
'Np4$g'
Related
I have to convert filenames having a forward slash to filenames with a back slash in a makefile using mingw32. I used the following sed command to store the result in a variable:
ORIGINAL=./a/b/main1.c ./a/b/main2.c ./a/b/main3.c
sed command:
RESULT=$(shell echo $(ORIGINAL) | sed 's/\//\\/g')
And the resulting output is:
.\a\b\main1.c .abmain2.c .abmain3.c
It works fine if I run it directly on bash. Can anyone tell me whats wrong?
Thanks!
I'm trying to duplicate your test in a makefile, but I don't have your environment.
But I would not use '/' as a command separator if I am searching for the same character. Use another character, like ':'
sed 's:/:\\:g'
RESULT=$(sed 's/\//\\/g' <<< "$ORIGINAL")
$ ORIGINAL='./a/b/main1.c ./a/b/main2.c ./a/b/main3.c'
$ echo "$ORIGINAL"
./a/b/main1.c ./a/b/main2.c ./a/b/main3.c
$ RESULT=$(sed 's/\//\\/g' <<< "$ORIGINAL")
$ echo $RESULT
.\a\b\main1.c .\a\b\main2.c .\a\b\main3.c
Most likely the shell that make is invoking is not bash. However, I find the behavior you're seeing very strange for any shell (it replaces in the first word but not the rest?!?!)
Have you considered using GNU make's $(subst ...) function, instead of the shell?
This question already has answers here:
Using different delimiters in sed commands and range addresses
(3 answers)
Closed 1 year ago.
I have a Visual Studio project, which is developed locally. Code files have to be deployed to a remote server. The only problem is the URLs they contain, which are hard-coded.
The project contains URLs such as ?page=one. For the link to be valid on the server, it must be /page/one .
I've decided to replace all URLs in my code files with sed before deployment, but I'm stuck on slashes.
I know this is not a pretty solution, but it's simple and would save me a lot of time. The total number of strings I have to replace is fewer than 10. A total number of files which have to be checked is ~30.
An example describing my situation is below:
The command I'm using:
sed -f replace.txt < a.txt > b.txt
replace.txt which contains all the strings:
s/?page=one&/pageone/g
s/?page=two&/pagetwo/g
s/?page=three&/pagethree/g
a.txt:
?page=one&
?page=two&
?page=three&
Content of b.txt after I run my sed command:
pageone
pagetwo
pagethree
What I want b.txt to contain:
/page/one
/page/two
/page/three
The easiest way would be to use a different delimiter in your search/replace lines, e.g.:
s:?page=one&:pageone:g
You can use any character as a delimiter that's not part of either string. Or, you could escape it with a backslash:
s/\//foo/
Which would replace / with foo. You'd want to use the escaped backslash in cases where you don't know what characters might occur in the replacement strings (if they are shell variables, for example).
The s command can use any character as a delimiter; whatever character comes after the s is used. I was brought up to use a #. Like so:
s#?page=one&#/page/one#g
A very useful but lesser-known fact about sed is that the familiar s/foo/bar/ command can use any punctuation, not only slashes. A common alternative is s#foo#bar#, from which it becomes obvious how to solve your problem.
add \ before special characters:
s/\?page=one&/page\/one\//g
etc.
In a system I am developing, the string to be replaced by sed is input text from a user which is stored in a variable and passed to sed.
As noted earlier on this post, if the string contained within the sed command block contains the actual delimiter used by sed - then sed terminates on syntax error. Consider the following example:
This works:
$ VALUE=12345
$ echo "MyVar=%DEF_VALUE%" | sed -e s/%DEF_VALUE%/${VALUE}/g
MyVar=12345
This breaks:
$ VALUE=12345/6
$ echo "MyVar=%DEF_VALUE%" | sed -e s/%DEF_VALUE%/${VALUE}/g
sed: -e expression #1, char 21: unknown option to `s'
Replacing the default delimiter is not a robust solution in my case as I did not want to limit the user from entering specific characters used by sed as the delimiter (e.g. "/").
However, escaping any occurrences of the delimiter in the input string would solve the problem.
Consider the below solution of systematically escaping the delimiter character in the input string before having it parsed by sed.
Such escaping can be implemented as a replacement using sed itself, this replacement is safe even if the input string contains the delimiter - this is since the input string is not part of the sed command block:
$ VALUE=$(echo ${VALUE} | sed -e "s#/#\\\/#g")
$ echo "MyVar=%DEF_VALUE%" | sed -e s/%DEF_VALUE%/${VALUE}/g
MyVar=12345/6
I have converted this to a function to be used by various scripts:
escapeForwardSlashes() {
# Validate parameters
if [ -z "$1" ]
then
echo -e "Error - no parameter specified!"
return 1
fi
# Perform replacement
echo ${1} | sed -e "s#/#\\\/#g"
return 0
}
this line should work for your 3 examples:
sed -r 's#\?(page)=([^&]*)&#/\1/\2#g' a.txt
I used -r to save some escaping .
the line should be generic for your one, two three case. you don't have to do the sub 3 times
test with your example (a.txt):
kent$ echo "?page=one&
?page=two&
?page=three&"|sed -r 's#\?(page)=([^&]*)&#/\1/\2#g'
/page/one
/page/two
/page/three
replace.txt should be
s/?page=/\/page\//g
s/&//g
please see this article
http://netjunky.net/sed-replace-path-with-slash-separators/
Just using | instead of /
Great answer from Anonymous. \ solved my problem when I tried to escape quotes in HTML strings.
So if you use sed to return some HTML templates (on a server), use double backslash instead of single:
var htmlTemplate = "<div style=\\"color:green;\\"></div>";
A simplier alternative is using AWK as on this answer:
awk '$0="prefix"$0' file > new_file
You may use an alternative regex delimiter as a search pattern by backs lashing it:
sed '\,{some_path},d'
For the s command:
sed 's,{some_path},{other_path},'
I want to redirect this awk output to the file handle but no luck.
Code:
open INPUT,"awk -F: '{print $1}'/etc/passwd| xargs -n 1 passwd -s | grep user";
while (my $input=<INPUT>)
{
...rest of the code
}
Error:
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at ./test line 12.
readline() on closed filehandle INPUT at ./test line 13.
The error message shown is not directly related to the question in the subject.
In order to open a pipe and retrieve the result in Perl you have to add "|" at the very end of the open call.
The error message comes from the fact that Perl interprets the $1 you use in that double-quoted string. However, your intention was to pass that verbatim to awk. Therefore you have to escape the $ on the Perl side with \$.
There's a space missing in front of the /etc/passwd argument.
Summary: this should work better:
open INPUT,"awk -F: '{print \$1}' /etc/passwd| xargs -n 1 passwd -s | grep user|";
However, you should also check for errors etc.
It looks like $1 in the string you've passed is making Perl look for a variable $1 which you've not defined. Try escaping the $ in the string by putting a \ in front of it.
Because the string is not valid it doesn't do the open which then produces your second error.
I've got windows bat file, (using activeperl)
#echo off
perl -p -e 's/DIV\[/div\[/g' orginal.txt > output.txt
perl -p -e 'rename("output.txt", "orginal.txt")';
...
Running a .bat file, and I just cant get it to run properly..
Can't open ;: No such file or directory, <> line 12248.
Can't find string terminator "'" anywhere before EOF at -e line 1.
Not sure what I'm doing wrong..
You can't use single-quotes to enclose the Perl code in Windows. As a result, you need to escape the double-quotes or find other alternatives, such as qq(...).
perl -pe "s/DIV\[/div\[/g" original.txt > output.txt
perl -pe "rename(qq(output.txt), qq/original.txt/)"
Note that in this case, the arguments to rename can simply be rename('a.txt', 'b.txt') since they are literals and no variable interpolation is required.
You ought to use double quotes to quote the program text under Windows cmd. In your example, you can just swiztch double and single quotes. In cases where you really need double quotes in the perl text, use qq{ .... } instead.
The other posters are correct: windows requires double quotes for -e scripts to perl, which often screws things up. There is one more thing you can do, though: Use the -i switch, like this:
#echo off
perl -pi.bak -we "s/DIV\[/div\[/g" original.txt
The -i.bak switch will edit the file in place - no rename required - AND it will store a backup of the file in "original.txt.bak". If you do not want a backup, remove the ".bak" part and just use -pi.
I have a file named check.txt which has the below contents:
$ cat check.txt
~/bin/tibemsadmin -server $URL-user $USER -password $PASWRD
$
I have a main script where the values of $URL, $USER, $PASWRD are obtained from the main script. I want to use the SED utility to replace the $URL, $USER, $PASWRD to the actual values in the check.txt.
I am trying like this but it fails.
emsurl=tcp://myserver:3243
emsuser=test
emspasswd=new
sed s/$URL/${emsurl}/g check.txt >> check_new.txt
sed s/$USER/${emsuser}/g check.txt_new.txt >> check_new_1.txt
sed s/PASWRD/${emspasswd}/g check_new_1.txt >> final.txt
My final.txt output is desired as below:
~/bin/tibemsadmin -server tcp://myserver:3243 -user test -password new
Could you please help me?
You have to be rather careful with your use of quotes. You also need to learn how to do multiple operations in a single pass, and/or how to use pipes.
emsurl=tcp://myserver:3243
emsuser=test
emspasswd=new
sed -e "s%\$URL%${emsurl}%g" \
-e "s%\$USER%${emsuser}%g" \
-e "s%\$PASWRD%${emspasswd}%g" check.txt >final.txt
Your problem is that the shell expanded the '$URL' in your command line (probably to nothing), meaning that sed got to see something other than what you intended. By escaping the $ with the \, sed gets to see what you intended.
Note that I initially used / as the separator in the substitute operations; however, as DarkDust rightly points out, that won't work since there are slashes in the URLs. My normal fallback character is % - as now shown - but that can appear in some URLs and might not be appropriate. I'd probably use a control character, such as control-A, if I needed to worry about that - or I'd use Perl which would be able to play without getting confused.
You can also combine the three separate -e expressions into one with semi-colons replacing them. However, I prefer the clarity of the three operations clearly separated.
You could take a slightly different approach by modifying your main script as follows :-
export URL="tcp://myserver:3243"
export USER=test
export PASWRD=new
. ./check.txt
This sets up the variables and then runs check.txt within the context of your main script
Although you don't say what's failing I guess I see the problems.
I suggest you do this:
sed "s|\$URL|${emsurl}|g"
That is, the first $ needs to be escaped because you want it literally. Then, instead of / I suggest you use | (pipe) as delimiter since it's not used in your strings. Finally, use " to ensure the content is interpreted as string by the shell.
You can then pipe everything together to not need any temporary files:
sed "s|\$URL|${emsurl}|g" | sed "s|\$USER|${emsuser}|g" | sed "s|\$PASSWRD|${emspasswd}|g"
Variable substitution should be outside sed expression and '$' should be escaped; in your case something like this:
sed -e 's/\$URL/'$emsurl'/g' -e 's/\$USER/'$emsuser'/g' -e 's/\$PASSWORD/'$emaspasswd'/g'
Anyway in your place I would avoid using $ to match placeholders in a template file, because it's causing confusion with BASH variables, use a different pattern instead (for instance #URL#).