I'm trying to get a customized date and time output using Perl.
Can someone help me to get the output as desired?
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use POSIX;
my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime(time);
$year += 1900;
print "$sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday, $isdst\n";
$now_string = localtime;
print "$now_string\n";
$date = strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", localtime;
print "Date1 is: $date\n";
$date = strftime "%a-%B-%e", localtime;
print "Date2 is: $date\n";
$time = strftime "%H:%M:%S", localtime;
print "Time1 is: $time\n";
$time1 = strftime "%h:%m:%s", localtime;
print "Time2 is: $time1\n";
output
15, 2, 18, 8, 9, 2017, 0, 280, 0
Sun Oct 8 18:02:15 2017
Date1 is: Sun Oct 8 18:02:15 2017
Date2 is: Sun-October- 8
Time1 is: 18:02:15
Time2 is: Oct:10:1507465935
Desired output:
Date1 is: 06-Oct-2017
Date2 is: 06-10-2017
Time1 is: 23:35:10
Time2 is: 11:35:10 PM
Perl has great built-in help. Start by running the command:
perldoc POSIX
and looking at the strftime section.
Here is an ISO 8601 style timestamp:
schumack#linux2 18> perl -MPOSIX -le 'print(strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", localtime))'
2017-10-07T00:11:41
From perldoc POSIX:
"strftime"
Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string.
Synopsis:
strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year,
wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday ("yday") begin at
zero, i.e., January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st
is 0, not 1. The year ("year") is given in years since 1900, i.e.,
the year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's
"strftime()" manpage for details about these and the other
arguments.
If you want your code to be portable, your format ("fmt") argument
should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the ANSI C
standard (C89, to play safe). These are "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%".
But even then, the results of some of the conversion specifiers
are non-portable. For example, the specifiers "aAbBcpZ" change
according to the locale settings of the user, and both how to set
locales (the locale names) and what output to expect are
non-standard. The specifier "c" changes according to the timezone
settings of the user and the timezone computation rules of the
operating system. The "Z" specifier is notoriously unportable
since the names of timezones are non-standard. Sticking to the
numeric specifiers is the safest route.
The given arguments are made consistent as though by calling
"mktime()" before calling your system's "strftime()" function,
except that the "isdst" value is not affected.
The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
$str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y",
0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
print "$str\n";
Perl has great built-in help. Start by running the command:
perldoc POSIX
and looking at the strftime section.
Here is an ISO 8601 style timestamp:
schumack#linux2 18> perl -MPOSIX -le 'print(strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", localtime))'
2017-10-07T00:11:41
Related
I have a string containing a date with this format
my $time = 'Fri Jan 8 14:24:27 2016';
And i want to convert it to YYYYMMDD.
I tried a couple of options such as :
use POSIX qw(strftime);
print strftime("%Y%m%d", $time);
But it won't work.
Tried localtime($time) as well as many others but it won't work.
I guess i need to convert it to an intermediary format ?
Note : i need to use strftime/POSIX as i can't call other modules for many reasons. (no Date::Time etc.)
thanks in advance,
Use Time::Piece, part of the Perl core since 2007:
use Time::Piece;
my $time = 'Fri Jan 8 14:24:27 2016';
say Time::Piece->strptime($time, '%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y')->ymd("");
You're trying to use POSIX::strftime() incorrectly. It's always a good idea to check the documentation, which says this:
strftime
Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string.
Synopsis:
strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
The month (mon), weekday (wday), and yearday (yday) begin at zero, i.e., January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The year (year ) is given in years since 1900, i.e., the year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's strftime() manpage for details about these and the other arguments.
So passing it a string containing a random(ish) representation of a datetime was slightly optimistic.
You need to parse your string and extract the bits that you need to pass to strftime(). As you've already be shown, the Modern Perl way to do that is to use a module like Time::Piece. But it's perfectly possible to do it with standard Perl too.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say';
use POSIX 'strftime';
my $time = 'Fri Jan 8 14:24:27 2016';
my ($day, $mon, $date, $hr, $min, $sec, $year) = split /[\s:]+/, $time;
my %months = (
Jan => 0, Feb => 1, Mar => 2, Apr => 3,
May => 4, Jun => 5, Jul => 6, Aug => 7,
Sep => 8, Oct => 9, Nov => 10, Dec => 11,
);
$time = strftime('%Y%m%d',
$sec, $min, $hr, $date, $months{$mon}, $year - 1900);
say $time;
But don't do that. Use a module.
I am working on some training material for new programmers where I am talking about the HTTP Header, so I am trying to set the Last-Modified manually. I have everything worked out except for getting the file time to GMT. Below is what I have so far:
The question is: giving stat($fh)->mtime which could be running in any timezone, what code needs to be added to convert to GMT?
my $scriptFilename = $ENV{'SCRIPT_FILENAME'};
my $timestamp;
my $fh = FileHandle->new;
if ($fh->open("< ${scriptFilename}")) {
$timestamp = time2str("%a, %e %b %Y %X %Z", stat($fh)->mtime);
$fh->close;
}
#Last-Modified: Tue, 15 Oct 2019 12:45:26 GMT
print <<"END";
Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
Last-Modified: $timestamp
<html>
...
</html>
time2str from the Date::Format package (I assume that's where time2str comes from) takes an optional 3rd argument to specify the timezone.
$timestamp = time2str("%a, %e %b %Y %X %Z", stat($fh)->mtime, 'UTC');
There seems to be some confusion here: the result of mtime is not in any time zone, it is in seconds since the epoch which is a fixed point in time (barring leap seconds which are ignored). Thus all you need to do is represent it in the time zone you want, which is UTC. Another answer mentioned how to do this with the function you had been using, but the usual function to format a time into a string is strftime, which is provided by a couple core modules.
use strict;
use warnings;
use POSIX 'strftime';
# gmtime interprets the mtime seconds in UTC
my $timestamp = strftime "%a, %e %b %Y %X %Z", gmtime $mtime;
use Time::Piece 'gmtime';
my $timestamp = gmtime($mtime)->strftime("%a, %e %b %Y %X %Z");
But your use case is actually a specific date format, the one the HTTP protocol uses, and which will always be in GMT/UTC. There is a module for that: HTTP::Date
use strict;
use warnings;
use HTTP::Date 'time2str';
my $timestamp = time2str $mtime;
Basically
my $dt = DateTime->new(
year => 2000,
month => 5,
day => 10,
hour => 15,
minute => 15,
time_zone => 'America/Los_Angeles',
);
print $dt->hour; # prints 15
$dt->set_time_zone( 'America/Chicago' );
print $dt->hour; # prints 17
See here for how to format the output.
For some reason I am having a lot of trouble parsing date strings using Time::Piece.
So this works:
my $t = Time::Piece->strptime( 'Sunday, November 4, 2012 10:25:15 PM -0000' , "%A, %B %d, %Y %I:%M:%S %p %z" );
print $t;
But this does not:
my $temp_time = Time::Piece->strptime('7/23/2014 5:24:22 PM', "%-m/%-d/%Y %l:%M:%S %p");
print $temp_time;
I have also used '%D %r' as the format string but that also does not work. Do any of you have insight as to why this might be? For reference , the hour is 1-12 (not 01-12) and the month is 1-12 (not 0-12).
Thanks!
Change
"%-m/%-d/%Y %l:%M:%S %p"
to
"%m/%d/%Y %l:%M:%S %p"
My platform is Linux. I want the printed date to be formatted as Apr 3, 2014, 5:28 PM when given input such as 2014-04-03T17:28:54.864Z.
My current Perl script.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use lib '/tmp/DateTime/Format';
use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
my $date = "2014-04-03T17:28:54.864Z";
my $iso8601 = DateTime::Format::ISO8601 -> new;
my $dt = $iso8601->parse_datetime( $date );
print "Date before conversion *******-> \"$date\"\n";
my $s6 = $dt->strftime("%b %-d, %Y, %I:%M %p");
print "Date after conversion *******-> \"$s6\"\n";
It gives the output Apr %-d, 2014, 05:28 PM. When the day of the month or hour is a single digit, I do not want zero or space padding. I want the output as Apr 3, 2014, 5:28 PM when day and hour are each a single digit.
I see no %-d option listed in the valid strftime patterns.
You could use %e to get a leading space instead of a leading zero but, since you discount that, you can get the day independently, then change it and use that changed value within the format string, something like (untested, but you'll get the idea):
# Get day and remove leading zero.
my $dayofmonth = $dt->strftime("%d");
$dayofmonth =~ s/^0//;
# Construct format string from "hard-coded" day.
my $s6 = $dt->strftime("%b " . $dayofmonth . ", %Y, %I:%M %p");
Try this:
my $s6 = $dt->format_cldr('MMM d, Y, h:mm a');
It makes use of the module:
DateTime::Format::CLDR - Parse and format CLDR time patterns
Which you can find documented here.
Because there aren't any strftime patterns for days other than %d and %e, the easy solution is just to edit the result after the fact
$s6 =~ s/\s+/ /g;
This would change your script to the following:
use strict;
use warnings;
use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
my $date = "2014-04-03T17:28:54.864Z";
my $iso8601 = DateTime::Format::ISO8601->new;
my $dt = $iso8601->parse_datetime( $date );
print qq{Date before conversion *******-> "$date"\n};
my $s6 = $dt->strftime("%b %e, %Y, %I:%M %p");
$s6 =~ s/\s+/ /g;
print qq{Date after conversion *******-> "$s6"\n};
I have a string of date and time of format:
Day, Month DAY_OF_MONTH, Year HH:MM:SS AM/PM GMT[+/-]hh:mm .
But I am unable to parse it. I have used this:
Time::Piece->strftime($string, "%A, %B %d, %Y %I:%M:%S %p %Z%z");
I have converted the string into the format : Day, Month DAY_OF_MONTH, Year HH:MM:SS AM/PM [+/-]hhmm . But still its not working for me with
Time::Piece->strftime($string, "%A, %B %d, %Y %I:%M:%S %p %z");
The string is getting parsed but the time zone is not considered in the Time::Piece object as tzoffset is 0000 and the HH of the date has the same value as that in the string. Please anyone help.
Eg: String to be parsed: Friday, July 25, 2008 12:15:57 PM GMT-0700
If Time::Piece doesn't work, try using Date::Parse.
And as oalders mentioned, do include an actual date string example in your question.
Perhaps the following will help:
use strict;
use warnings;
use Time::Piece;
my $string = 'Sunday, November 4, 2012 10:25:15 PM -0000';
my $t = Time::Piece->strptime( $string, "%A, %B %d, %Y %I:%M:%S %p %z" );
print $t;
Output:
Sun Nov 4 22:25:15 2012