How can I sum/subtract time values from same row - postgresql

I want to sum and subtract two or more timestamp columns.
I'm using PostgreSQL and I have a structure as you can see:
I can't round the minutes or seconds, so I'm trying to extract the EPOCH and doing the operation after, but I always get an error because the first EXTRACT recognizes the column, but when I put the second EXTRACT in the same SQL command I get an error message saying that the second column does not exist.
I'll give you an example:
SELECT
EXAMPLE.PERSON_ID,
COALESCE(EXTRACT(EPOCH from EXAMPLE.LEFT_AT),0) +
COALESCE(EXTRACT(EPOCH from EXAMPLE.ARRIVED_AT),0) AS CREDIT
FROM
EXAMPLE
WHERE
EXAMPLE.PERSON_ID = 1;
In this example I would get an error like:
Column ARRIVED_AT does not exist
Why is this happening?
Could I sum/subtract time values from same row?

Is ARRIVED_AT a calculated value instead of a column? What did you run to get the query results image you posted showing those columns?
The following script does what you expect, so there's something about the structure of the table you're querying that isn't what you expect.
CREATE SCHEMA so46801016;
SET search_path=so46801016;
CREATE TABLE trips (
person_id serial primary key,
arrived_at time,
left_at time
);
INSERT INTO trips (arrived_at, left_at) VALUES
('14:30'::time, '19:30'::time)
, ('11:27'::time, '20:00'::time)
;
SELECT
t.person_id,
COALESCE(EXTRACT(EPOCH from t.left_at),0) +
COALESCE(EXTRACT(EPOCH from t.arrived_at),0) AS credit
FROM
trips t;
DROP SCHEMA so46801016 CASCADE;

Related

No value is added into the column

I am trying to find the difference between the Unix seconds and adding into the existing null column but the results are not added into the column. As I am new I can't figure it out.
INSERT INTO "Operation"(minutes)
select (departure_unix_seconds - arrival_unix_seconds)/60 As Difference
from public."Operation";
assuming you have a column in your table called "minutes" , and you want to update that column , here is the syntax:
update public."Operation"
set minutes = (departure_unix_seconds - arrival_unix_seconds)/60
however usually when a column value depends on other column(s) ,It's better to be implemented as "generated column":
alter table Operation
add column minutes generated always as (departure_unix_seconds - arrival_unix_seconds)/60 stored;

How to create a column that holds an array in Postgres?

Background:
I am making a db for a reservartions calendar. The reservations are hourly based, so I need to insert many items to one column called "hours_reserved".
Example tables of what I need:
Table "Space"
Column / Values
id / 1
date / 5.2.2020
hours / { 8-10, 10-12 }
Table "reservation"
Column / Values
id / 1
space_id / 1
date / 5.2.2020
reserved_hours / 8-10
Table "reservation"
Column / Values
id / 2
space_id / 1
date / 5.2.2020
hours / 10-12
So I need to have multiple items inserted into "space" table "hours" column.
How do I do this in Postgres?
Also is there a better way to accomplish this?
There is more way to do this, depending on the type of the hours field (i.e. text[], json or jsonb) I'd go with jsonb just because you can do a lot of things with it and you'll find this experience to be useful in the short term.
CREATE TABLE "public"."space"
("id" SERIAL, "date_schedule" date, "hours" jsonb, PRIMARY KEY ("id"))
Whenever you insert a record in this table that's manually crafted, write it as text (single quoted json object) and cast it to jsonb
insert into "space"
(date_schedule,hours)
values
('05-02-2020'::date, '["8-10", "10-12"]'::jsonb);
There is more than one way to match these available hours against the reservations and you can take a look at the docs, on the json and jsonb operations. For example, doing:
SELECT id,date_schedule, jsonb_array_elements(hours) hours FROM "public"."space"
would yield
Which has these ugly double quotes (which is correct, since json can hold several kinds of scalars, that column is polimorfic :D)
However, you can perform a little transformation to remove them and be able to perform a join with reservations
with unnested as (
SELECT id,date_schedule, jsonb_array_elements(hours) hours FROM "public"."space"
)
select id,date_schedule,replace(hours::text, '"','') from unnested
The same can be achieved defining the field as text[] (the insertion syntax is different but trivial)
in that scenario your data will look like:
Which you can unwrap as:
SELECT id,date_schedule, unnest(hours) FROM "public"."space"
Apparently
ALTER TABLE mytable
ADD COLUMN myarray text[];
Works fine.
I got a following problem when trying to put(update) into that column using postman(create works fine):
{
"myarray": ["8-10"]
}
Results into:
"message": "error: invalid input syntax for type integer:
\"{\"myarray\":[\"8-10\"]}\""

getting second difference with sql statement

I have a table in postgresql which stores time stamp with timezone for every row inserted.
How can I use postgresql's function to find a the difference in seconds from the timestamp in one of the rows already inserted to the current postgresql server time stamp?
Assuming that the column name is ts and the table name is t, you can query like this:
select current_timestamp - max(ts) from t;
If the table contains large amount of data, this query will be very slow. In that case, you should have index on the timestamp column.

How can I get max value of specific field in Table?

As my Question says that how can i get maximum value from Table?
In my apps. I have table name dataset_master
And table has field name is dataset_id, it is add manually as auto_inc.
So, First time when no record is inserted in Table and when I insert first record then I add dataset_id is 1. (this is only first time)
And Then after insert next record for dataset_id i fire query for get max value of dataset_id and I insert dataset_id +1. (This is for next record and so on..)
In my case I use following Query for get maximum dataset_id.
SELECT MAX(dataset_id) FROM dataset_master where project_id = 1
Here in my application I want to get maximum value of field name is dataset_id from dataset_master table.
This Query properly work when I insert record to dataset_master table each time I get proper maximum number of dataset_id. But when I delete record in sequins such like (1 to 5 from 10) in table and after I insert new record then I got each time last maximum number such like
if my table has 10 record then my dataset_id is 1 to 10;
When I delete record such like 1 to 5 then remains 6 to 10 record and also dataset_id in Table.
And then after I insert new record then each time I got 10 (maximum Number) so each time new record has dataset_id is dataset_id + 1 so 11.
What is problem I don't know (may be mistake in Query ?), please give your suggestion.
You need to reset the sequence in the sqlite_sequence table. I'd advise you not to worry about this though, as by the time it becomes a problem, this will be the least of your headaches.
I think the problem is not in your query, but in your insert. Do you force dataset_id when inserting new rows?

SQLite - a smart way to remove and add new objects

I have a table in my database and I want for each row in my table to have an unique id and to have the rows named sequently.
For example: I have 10 rows, each has an id - starting from 0, ending at 9. When I remove a row from a table, lets say - row number 5, there occurs a "hole". And afterwards I add more data, but the "hole" is still there.
It is important for me to know exact number of rows and to have at every row data in order to access my table arbitrarily.
There is a way in sqlite to do it? Or do I have to manually manage removing and adding of data?
Thank you in advance,
Ilya.
It may be worth considering whether you really want to do this. Primary keys usually should not change through the lifetime of the row, and you can always find the total number of rows by running:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;
That said, the following trigger should "roll down" every ID number whenever a delete creates a hole:
CREATE TRIGGER sequentialize_ids AFTER DELETE ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE table_name SET id=id-1 WHERE id > OLD.id;
END;
I tested this on a sample database and it appears to work as advertised. If you have the following table:
id name
1 First
2 Second
3 Third
4 Fourth
And delete where id=2, afterwards the table will be:
id name
1 First
2 Third
3 Fourth
This trigger can take a long time and has very poor scaling properties (it takes longer for each row you delete and each remaining row in the table). On my computer, deleting 15 rows at the beginning of a 1000 row table took 0.26 seconds, but this will certainly be longer on an iPhone.
I strongly suggest that you re-think your design. In my opinion your asking yourself for troubles in the future (e.g. if you create another table and want to have some relations between the tables).
If you want to know the number of rows just use:
SELECT count(*) FROM table_name;
If you want to access rows in the order of id, just define this field using PRIMARY KEY constraint:
CREATE TABLE test (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
...
);
and get rows using ORDER BY clause with ASC or DESC:
SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY id ASC;
Sqlite creates an index for the primary key field, so this query is fast.
I think that you would be interested in reading about LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.
The best source of information is the SQLite documentation.
If you don't want to take Stephen Jennings's very clever but performance-killing approach, just query a little differently. Instead of:
SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = ?
Do:
SELECT * FROM mytable ORDER BY id LIMIT 1 OFFSET ?
Note that OFFSET is zero-based, so you may need to subtract 1 from the variable you're indexing in with.
If you want to reclaim deleted row ids the VACUUM command or pragma may be what you seek,
http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q12
http://www.sqlite.org/lang_vacuum.html
http://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_auto_vacuum