Docker disk space issue with space left on host - postgresql

Question

I have PostgreSQL running in a Docker container (Docker 17.09.0-ce-mac35 on OS X 10.11.6) and I'm inserting data from a Python application on the host. After a while I consistently get the following error in Python while there is still plenty of disk space available on the host:
psycopg2.OperationalError: could not extend file "base/16385/24599.49": wrote only 4096 of 8192 bytes at block 6543502
HINT: Check free disk space.
This is my docker-compose.yml:
version: "2"
services:
rabbitmq:
container_name: rabbitmq
build: ../messaging/
ports:
- "4369:4369"
- "5672:5672"
- "25672:25672"
- "15672:15672"
- "5671:5671"
database:
container_name: database
build: ../database/
ports:
- "5432:5432"
The database Dockerfile looks like this:
FROM ubuntu:17.04
RUN echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ zesty-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --allow-unauthenticated python-software-properties software-properties-common postgresql-10 postgresql-client-10 postgresql-contrib-10
USER postgres
RUN /etc/init.d/postgresql start &&\
psql --command "CREATE USER ****** WITH SUPERUSER PASSWORD '******';" &&\
createdb -O ****** ******
RUN echo "host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5" >> /etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_hba.conf
RUN echo "listen_addresses='*'" >> /etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf
EXPOSE 5432
VOLUME ["/etc/postgresql", "/var/log/postgresql", "/var/lib/postgresql"]
CMD ["/usr/lib/postgresql/10/bin/postgres", "-D", "/var/lib/postgresql/10/main", "-c", "config_file=/etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf"]
df -k output:
Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity iused ifree %iused Mounted on
/dev/disk2 1088358016 414085004 674017012 39% 103585249 168504253 38% /
devfs 190 190 0 100% 658 0 100% /dev
map -hosts 0 0 0 100% 0 0 100% /net
map auto_home 0 0 0 100% 0 0 100% /home
Update 1:
It seems like the container has now shut down. I'll start over and try to df -k in the container before it shuts down.
2017-11-14 14:48:25.117 UTC [18] HINT: In a moment you should be able to reconnect to the database and repeat your command.
2017-11-14 14:48:25.120 UTC [17] WARNING: terminating connection because of crash of another server process
2017-11-14 14:48:25.120 UTC [17] DETAIL: The postmaster has commanded this server process to roll back the current transaction and exit, because another server process exited abnormally and possibly corrupted shared memory.
2017-11-14 14:48:25.120 UTC [17] HINT: In a moment you should be able to reconnect to the database and repeat your command.
2017-11-14 14:48:25.132 UTC [1] LOG: all server processes terminated; reinitializing
2017-11-14 14:48:25.175 UTC [1] FATAL: could not access status of transaction 0
2017-11-14 14:48:25.175 UTC [1] DETAIL: Could not write to file "pg_notify/0000" at offset 0: No space left on device.
2017-11-14 14:48:25.181 UTC [1] LOG: database system is shut down
Update 2:
This is df -k on the container, /dev/vda2 seems to be filling up quickly:
$ docker exec -it database df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
none 61890340 15022448 43700968 26% /
tmpfs 65536 0 65536 0% /dev
tmpfs 1023516 0 1023516 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda2 61890340 15022448 43700968 26% /etc/postgresql
shm 65536 8 65528 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1023516 0 1023516 0% /sys/firmware
Update 3:
This seems to be related to the ~64 GB file size limit on Docker.qcow2. Solved using qemu and gparted as follows:
cd ~/Library/Containers/com.docker.docker/Data/com.docker.driver.amd64-linux/
qemu-img info Docker.qcow2
qemu-img resize Docker.qcow2 +200G
qemu-img info Docker.qcow2
qemu-system-x86_64 -drive file=Docker.qcow2 -m 512 -cdrom ~/Downloads/gparted-live-0.30.0-1-i686.iso -boot d -device usb-mouse -usb