I am trying to define a new mode which inherits everything from Org mode, called web mode.
Here is a preliminary amateur stab at this.
(defvar web-mode-syntax-table
org-mode-syntax-table
"Syntax table used while in `web-mode'.")
;; Create the keymap for this mode.
(defvar web-mode-map
org-mode-map
"Keymap for `web-mode'.")
(setq web-highlights
'(("Sin\\|Cos\\|Sum" . font-lock-function-name-face)
("Pi\\|Infinity" . font-lock-warning-face)))
;; set files ending in .web to open in web mode.
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.web\\'" . web-mode))
(define-derived-mode web-mode org-mode "web-mode"
"Major mode based on Org-mode"
(kill-all-local-variables)
(setq major-mode 'web-mode)
(setq mode-name "Web Mode")
;; Tell font-lock mode about some things which
;; need to be highlighted.
(setq font-lock-defaults '(web-highlights))
)
However, when web-mode is loaded in a text file it seems identical to the plain-vanilla text mode. The key-words Sin, Cos and Sum get highlighted in blue correctly and the Pi and Infinity in bold red font, but otherwise nothing seems to have been inherited from Org mode, and seems indistinguishable from text mode.
Why is this?
Related
I am trying to write an Emacs major mode but it is not working; specifically, my keywords are not being displayed in keyword font face. I have tried to follow the tutorials but I must be doing something wrong. I know a little Lisp but I do not know Emacs scripting.
My Emacs mode script:
;; emacs mode for OldRope
;; does no work for some reason
(setq oldrope-directive-keywords-regexp (regexp-opt '("page" "link" "goto" "act" "end" "div" "span" "include")))
(defvar oldrope-font-lock-defaults '((
(oldrope-directive-keywords-regexp . font-lock-keyword-face))))
(define-derived-mode oldrope-mode fundamental-mode
"oldrope mode"
"Major mode for editing OldRope games"
(setq comment-start "/*")
(setq comment-end "*/")
(setq font-lock-defaults oldrope-font-lock-defaults))
(provide 'oldrope-mode)
Test file:
$[page start]$ Hello $[link]$ Click me $[act]$ That is right. $[end]$
(For context, this is part of https://github.com/martinellison/oldrope but that is not really relevant to the question).
You need this - the rest is OK:
(defvar oldrope-font-lock-defaults
`(((,oldrope-directive-keywords-regexp . font-lock-keyword-face))))
By simply quoting the list you were not evaluating oldrope-directive-keywords-regexp - your quoted list just had that symbol as its car.
Using either backquote (`) plus comma (,) or (list (list (cons oldrope-directive-keywords-regexp 'font-lock-keyword-face))) you evaluate that variable and use its value in the resulting list.
hi: Each time I insert some text in emacs , it will highlight the newly added text. I wonder how to change the background color of the highlight, because the highlight background color is very close to the font color , as a result, I can hardly recognize the code that I am writing.
thank you soooo much
For issues with fonts (which Emacs calls faces) inside of Emacs, it is often helpfull to know the function 'list-faces-display'. You can call this with M-x and it will list all faces defined in the current frame. This can be helpfull both identifying which face is problematic, it will also give you its name which can be used to modify the face. For instance to change the foreground colour of the face named "button" you can call something like this:
(set-face-foreground 'button "cyan")
The effect will be immediately visible. Many aspects of faces can be changed, including colour, font familiy and font size.
Obviously, this will not help you if the problematic behaviour stems from the terminal emulator you are using, as it would appear from some of the comments to your question, then the problem is outside of Emacs and cannot be fixed from inside of Emacs. Even so, knowing about 'list-faces-display' is usefull.
I had this exact question and managed to solve it using the following ways. But I also had another thing in mind: a marker to show which lines are modified.
For tracking changes between the saved file and the buffer, we should use the highlight-changes-mode. But before enabling that mode, we need to prepare some stuff as explained beautifully here for the line marks:
;; a part to add the fringe marks to the gutter. To change the shape, read the explanation of it in this code.
(eval-after-load "hilit-chg"
'(progn
(defvar highlight-fringe-mark 'filled-square
"The fringe bitmap name marked at changed line.
Should be selected from `fringe-bitmaps'.")
(defadvice hilit-chg-make-ov (after hilit-chg-add-fringe activate)
(mapc (lambda (ov)
(if (overlay-get ov 'hilit-chg)
(let ((fringe-anchor (make-string 1 ?x)))
(put-text-property 0 1 'display
(list 'left-fringe highlight-fringe-mark)
fringe-anchor)
(overlay-put ov 'before-string fringe-anchor))
))
(overlays-at (ad-get-arg 1))))))
;; make the highlight-changes-mode reset when the file is saved
(add-hook 'local-write-file-hooks 'highlight-changes-rotate-faces)
(add-hook 'after-save-hook
(lambda ()
(when highlight-changes-mode
(save-restriction
(widen)
(highlight-changes-remove-highlight (point-min) (point-max))))))
make sure it is enabled globally except for buffers that start with ' and *
(setq highlight-changes-global-modes t)
(global-highlight-changes-mode)
make the mode to respect the syntax-highlighting
;; find the name of other faced using M-x ~list-faces-display~
(custom-set-faces
'(highlight-changes ((t (:background "dark green" :foreground nil)))))
(set-face-foreground 'highlight-changes nil)
(set-face-background 'highlight-changes "dark green")
I heard we can annotate ocaml prog. by their types. An older thread in the forum suggested using ocaml mode of
http://cristal.inria.fr/~remy/poly/emacs/index.html
I have been using Tuareg mode, in which it suggested using "c-c c-t" to retrieve types, cf. this piece of codes in tuareg.el
(when tuareg-with-caml-mode-p
;; Trigger caml-types
(define-key map [?\C-c ?\C-t] 'caml-types-show-type)
;; To prevent misbehavior in case of error during exploration.
(define-key map [(control mouse-2)] 'caml-types-mouse-ignore)
(define-key map [(control down-mouse-2)] 'caml-types-explore)
I got "c-c c-t" undefined although everything seems to be well configured.
Here is the .emacs file
(setq auto-mode-alist
(cons '("\\.ml[iyl]?$" . caml-mode) auto-mode-alist))
(autoload 'caml-mode "ocaml"
"Major mode for editing Caml code." t)
(autoload 'camldebug "camldebug"
"Call the camldebugger on FILE" t)
;; adjust paths for emacs source code
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/my-emacs-config/caml-mode")
;; adjust paths for emacs ocaml info sources
(require 'info)
(add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "~/my-emacs-config/caml-mode")
Here is the files in caml-mode (which contains ocaml.el)
bash-3.2$ ls ~/my-emacs-config/caml-mode/
caml-compat.el caml-emacs.el caml-font.el caml-help.el caml-hilit.el caml-types.el caml.el camldebug.el inf-caml.el ocaml.el
I did the following
--write an factorial func. in ocaml, called "annot.ml"
let rec f n =
if n = 1 then 0 else n * f(n-1)
--ocamlc -annot annot.ml
--open annot.ml by emacs and press "c-c c-t" while the cursor is under "n"
I got in the minibuffer of emacs
c-c c-t undefined
Conclusion, I still cannot retrieve types. Why??? Thank you for your ideas.
More info: when I try M-x caml-[tab] I get the following list, which does not contain caml-types-show-types
Possible completions are:
caml-mode camldebug
camldebug-backtrace camldebug-break
camldebug-close camldebug-complete
camldebug-delete camldebug-display-frame
camldebug-down camldebug-finish
camldebug-goto camldebug-kill
camldebug-last camldebug-mode
camldebug-next camldebug-open
camldebug-print camldebug-refresh
camldebug-reverse camldebug-run
camldebug-step camldebug-up
You're autoloading caml-mode from ocaml.el or ocaml.elc. But there is no such file! The official Caml mode is in a file called caml.el, and Tuareg mode is in a file called tuareg.el. This explains why opening your .ml file doesn't put you in Ocaml mode and doesn't load the Caml support. Change your autoload to either this to use the official mode
(autoload 'caml-mode "caml"
"Major mode for editing Caml code." t)
or this to use Tuareg mode
(autoload 'caml-mode "tuareg"
"Major mode for editing Caml code." t)
I'm attempting to switch from Vim to Emacs, but I'm tearing my hair out trying to configure it to treat tabs how I wish. I require:
Inserted "tabs" to be expanded into two spaces. Emacs stubbornly sticks to eight, no matter what I do.
Tabs (i.e. real \t characters) to be represented on screen by two spaces.
Pressing TAB should insert a tab at the cursor rather than indent the entire line. Currently, I press TAB anywhere and Emacs destroys all whitespace at the start of the line; this is the most infuriating thing so far.
My current ~/.emacs reads
(setq standard-indent 2)
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)
but I have tried no end of suggested configurations from the web, none of which have done what they said they would. (Does the API constantly change? I'm using GNU Emacs 23.1.1, apparently.)
Emacs has extremely flexible support for handling indentation. Generally the mode that you are in dictates how they work - so if you're working on a C file then the way that pressing tab works will be different than if you're working on a Python file.
So it does depend which mode you're working in, which will limit the answers you get. In most cases I would recommend that you don't fight against it - for me the indentation behaviour is one of the best features of emacs. However, you do need to spend the time to customize it for yourself.
To change the way that tabs are displayed you need to set tab-width to 2. If you're editing Java or C style code then it sounds like you want to turn off all the nice indentation features by these to NIL:
c-tab-always-indent
c-syntactic-indentation
indent-tabs-mode
I suggest you set these through the customization interface. If you use "M-x customize-group RET C" then you can see the various settings for C mode.
If you're editting different types of files then the instructions will be different.
Perhaps emacs is in the wrong mode for your file. You could try doing "M-x fundamental-mode" to see if you prefer the behaviour there.
;; * Inserted "tabs" to be expanded into two spaces. Emacs stubbornly
;; sticks to eight, no matter what I do.
;; * Tabs (i.e. real \t characters) to be represented on screen by two
;; spaces.
(setq-default tab-width 2)
;; * Pressing TAB should insert a tab at the cursor rather than indent
;; the entire line. Currently, I press TAB anywhere and Emacs
;; destroys all whitespace at the start of the line; this is the
;; most infuriating thing so far.
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode t)
(mapcar (lambda (hooksym)
(add-hook hooksym
(lambda ()
(kill-local-variable 'indent-tabs-mode)
(kill-local-variable 'tab-width)
(local-set-key (kbd "TAB") 'self-insert-command))))
'(
c-mode-common-hook
;; add other hook functions here, one for each mode you use :-(
))
;; How to know the name of the hook function? Well ... visit a file
;; in that mode, and then type C-h v major-mode RET. You'll see the
;; mode's name in the *Help* buffer (probably on the second line).
;; Then type (e.g.) C-h f python-mode; you'll see blather about the
;; mode, and (hopefully) somewhere in there you'll see (again e.g.)
;; "This mode runs the hook `python-mode-hook', as the final step
;; during initialization."
This should get you most of what you want. You'll probably have to customize some other programming modes you commonly use.
(defun insert-tab ()
"self-insert-command doesn't seem to work for tab"
(interactive)
(insert "\t"))
(setq indent-line-function 'insert-tab) ;# for many modes
(define-key c-mode-base-map [tab] 'insert-tab) ;# for c/c++/java/etc.
(setq-default tab-width 2)
How can I make Emacs show blank spaces (like a space, a tab, a line-jump, etc). Many other editors like Kate and Eclipse have this feature and I find it very useful to see when code is indent-broken because of mix of spaces and tabs (particularly Python).
WhiteSpace mode is an Emacs minor mode for visualizing all white space characters in the current buffer. It can be activated with M-x whitespace-mode.
Here is a screenshot of WhiteSpace in action taken directly from the Emacs wiki,
Note: WhiteSpaceMode has now replaced BlankMode
All the possible settings to do that seem to be summarized here (blank-mode) and here and here (ShowWhiteSpace)
also:
(if (>= emacs-major-version 22)
(progn
;; Mode to use with Emacs 22
;; http://emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/BlankMode
(require 'blank-mode)
;; Mode not active by default: let's activate it
(global-blank-mode t)
;; ... activate it when text mode where color syntax is not active by default
(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'blank-mode-on)
;; All invisible chars are shown, except newline char.
(setq blank-chars '(tabs spaces trailing lines space-before-tab))
;; Show only for one color, no mark inserted
(setq blank-style '(color))
;; Use for normal space (not shown)
(set-face-background 'blank-space-face nil)
(set-face-foreground 'blank-space-face "black")
;; used for non breakable space
(set-face-background 'blank-hspace-face "PaleGreen")
(set-face-foreground 'blank-hspace-face "black")
;; Used for spaces left of a tab
(set-face-background 'blank-space-before-tab-face "orange")
(set-face-foreground 'blank-space-before-tab-face "black")
;; Used for tab
(set-face-background 'blank-tab-face "lemonchiffon")
(set-face-foreground 'blank-tab-face "black")
;; used for extra space at the end of a line
(set-face-background 'blank-trailing-face "gold")
(set-face-foreground 'blank-trailing-face "black")
;; Used for line too long
(set-face-background 'blank-line-face "snow2")
(set-face-foreground 'blank-line-face "black")
)
(progn
;; For older Emacs prior to version 22.
;; http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/show-wspace.el
(require 'show-wspace)
(add-hook 'font-lock-mode-hook 'show-ws-highlight-tabs)
(add-hook 'font-lock-mode-hook 'show-ws-highlight-hard-spaces)
(add-hook 'font-lock-mode-hook 'show-ws-highlight-trailing-whitespace)
)
)
indent-broken? - never use tabs in your code - disk space is cheap these days.
Put (setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil) in your .emacs file. Get used to typing C-x h M-x untabify to untabify the entire buffer. To search for tabs type C-s C-i. If you have obscure control characters in your buffers you can see them with M-x hexl-mode.
Also C-x h M-x indent-region will indent the entire buffer. Some modes like vhdl-mode have a beautify region command.