I try to run the following command in Fish, without success:
$ stat -c %Y foo
fish: Unable to find a process “Y”
However, in Bash, it works as expected:
$ stat -c %Y foo
1548610349
I tried to put %Y into single or double quotes, even removed the space before it; it won’t work.
I am open to alternative programs, too, that would do the same, however, I’d like to know why does it not work.
I’ve just found [this](http://fishshell.com/docs/2.0/#escapes} page and % must be escaped with backslash in Fish.
Therefore, the following command works as expected:
stat -c \%Y foo
Related
I'm using sh as my shell on FreeBSD but I want to be able to have a pretty prompt like the one bash gives me on Ubuntu. There are two things that the FreeBSD implementation of sh seems to lack as far as PS1 escape characters go:
The \w works but does not expand $HOME to ~, so this is something I have already hacked up myself
I can use PS1 to update the prompt on the terminal, but as far as I can tell it is not possible to use the PS1 variable to update the title bar as well. ESC and BEL fail to set the title as one would expect if they were using bash or ksh
Here is my .shrc file
update_prompt() {
case "$PWD" in
"$HOME"*)
pretty_pwd="~${PWD#*"${HOME}"}"
;;
"/usr$HOME"*)
pretty_pwd="~${PWD#*"/usr${HOME}"}"
;;
*)
pretty_pwd="$PWD"
;;
esac
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
PS1="[$USER#\\h $pretty_pwd]\\$ "
;;
*)
;;
esac
printf "\\033]0;[%s#$(hostname -s): %s]\\007" "$USER" "$pretty_pwd"
}
update_prompt
So when I fire up a terminal or log in via ssh, it gives the pretty prompt that I like. But now I need this function to run every time that cd is executed and returns an exit status of 0.
I was going to use an alias that was something like:
alias cd="cd $1 && update_prompt"
but that was before I realized that aliases do not except arguments. How might I go about doing something like this?
You can use a function instead of an alias:
cd() {
command cd "$#" && update_prompt
}
Just put it into ~/.shrc. You have to use command here to let sh know that you are referring to the actual cd builtin command instead of the function you've just defined.
Refer to the sh(1) manual page for the details on how to make sh(1) source the ~/.shrc file when it starts:
Therefore, a user should place commands that are to be executed only at login
time in the .profile file, and commands that are executed for every shell
inside the ENV file. The user can set the ENV variable to some file by placing
the following line in the file .profile in the home directory, substituting for
.shrc the filename desired:
ENV=$HOME/.shrc; export ENV
I use this trick in my cd alias manager. Here's a link to the source code of the function: https://github.com/0mp/goat/blob/v2.5.0/libgoat.sh#L31-L57
You can do it with alias+arguments if you swap the commands:
$ alias cd="echo change; cd"
$ pwd
/nas
$ cd /
change
$ pwd
/
$ cd /etc
change
$ pwd
/etc
$
I want to create scipt to faciliate producing local text file extracts from Hive.
This is to basically execute commands like below:
hive -e "SET hive.cli.print.header=true;SELECT * FROM dropme"|perl -pe 's/(?:\t|^)\KNULL(?=\t|$)//g'>extract/outbound/dropme.txt
While the above works like a charm I find it quite problematic to implement through the parametrized following script (much simplified):
#!/bin/sh
TNAME=dropme
SQL="SELECT * FROM $TNAME"
echo $SQL
echo "SQL: $SQL"
EXTRACMD="hive -e \"SET hive.cli.print.header=true;$SQL\"|perl -pe 'BEGIN{if(defined(\$_=<ARGV>)){s/\b\w+\.//g;print}}s/(?:\t|^)\KNULL(?=\t|$)//g'>extract/outbound/$TNAME.txt"
echo "CMD: $EXTRACMD";
${EXTRACMD}
When run I get: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "e"
I know there may be many flavours you can print the text or execute command. For instance the line echo $SQL prints me list of files in the directory instead:
SELECT file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt FROM dropme
while the next one: echo "SQL: $SQL" gives just what I want: SQL: SELECT * FROM dropme
echo "CMD: $EXTRACMD" prints the (almost) the command to be executed. Almost, as I see \t in perl code being expanded:
CMD: hive -e "SET hive.cli.print.header=true;SELECT * FROM dropme"|perl -pe 'BEGIN{if(defined($_=<ARGV>)){s\w+\.//g;print}}s/(?: |^)\KNULL(?= |$)//g'>extract/outbound/dropme.txt
Maybe that's still ok, but what I want is to be able to copy&paste this command into (other) terminal and execute as the command I put at the top. Ideally I would like that command to be exactly the same (so with \t there)
Biggest problem I have comes when I try to execute it (${EXTRACMD} line). I'm getting the error:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "e" …and so on, irrelevant as bash treats every 'word' as single command here. I assume as I don't even know what is really tries to run (prior print attempt obviously doesn't help)
I'm aware that I have multiple options, like:
escaping special characters in the command definition string (like I did with doublequotes)
experimenting with echo and $VAR, '$VAR' or "$VAR"
experimenting with "${EXTRACMD}" or evaluating through eval "${EXTRACMD}"
experimenting with shopt -s extglob or set -f
but as number of combinations is quite large and with my little bash experience I feel it's better to ask for good practice here so my question is:
Is there a way to print a (complex/compound shell) command first and subsequently be able to execute it (exactly as per printed output)? In this case it would be printing the exact command from the top, then executing it the same way as by manually copying that output into terminal prompt and pressing Enter.
Do not construct commands as strings. See http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/050 for details.
That page also talks about a built-in way of getting the shell to tell you what it is running (section 6).
If that doesn't do what you want you can also, with bash, try using printf %q\\n "${arr[*]}".
I see there are some similar questions here and on http://www.perlmonks.org but I still do not get it.
Imagine I have a project with a 'lib/' and a 't' directories. I run my tests with 'prove':
$ cd $PROJECT_ROOT
$ prove ./*.t
I want to get a report in html for one or more files in the 'lib/' directory. I do not want reports for the files in the 't' directory.
A simple example should be enough. Thanks
perl Makefile.PL or perl Build.PL
cover -test
The proper way is to always start out with Makefile.PL/Build.PL, just as selected answer suggests. However, sometimes you are not the one who started out, so...
I used to make a fake makefile:
% cat Makefile
test:
prove -Ilib -r t
The following also seems to work (w/o touching ANY files on disk):
cover -t -make 'prove -Ilib -r t; exit $?'
This only works because of how perl's system/exec handle an argument with shell metacharacters in it (; in this case) and may break in the future if cover decides to quote it more rigirously. Also it shouldn't work under windows. I wish cover had a -prove option instead.
This one still generates coverage for *.t as well as CPAN modules at nonstandard locations. This behaviour can be fixed using +select/+ignore options (see the Devel::Cover's manpage):
cover -t +select ^lib +ignore ^
So the tl;dr "magic" command is
cover -t +select ^lib +ignore ^ -make 'prove -Ilib -r t; exit $?'
EDIT The following didn't work for me - it only prints short summary:
PERL5OPT="$PERL5OPT -MDevel::Cover" prove -Ilib -r t
cover -t +select ^lib +ignore ^
Note that prove -MSomething applies Something to prove itself and doesn't pass it on (unlike with -I).
Make prove run every test file with Devel::Cover activated:
$ prove --exec 'perl -MDevel::Cover=-silent,1 -Ilib' t/*.t
By default this will print the statistics after each test file. That’s why I added -silent => 1.
To print the complete statistics at the end add:
$ cover -summary
I'm trying to build the .NET assembly file by executing this code in matlab2010b
workdir = 'C:\Users\H\Documents\Source Code\MatlabFiles';
outdir = fullfile(workdir, 'Output');
dnetdir = fullfile(workdir, 'dotnet');
%% Determine file names
mfile = fullfile(workdir, 'perform.m');
dnetdll = fullfile(dnetdir, 'dotnet.dll');
%% Create directories if needed
if (exist(outdir, 'dir') ~= 7)
mkdir(outdir);
end
if (exist(dnetdir, 'dir') ~= 7)
mkdir(dnetdir);
end
%% Build .NET Assembly
eval(['mcc -N -d ' dnetdir ' -W ''dotnet:dotnet,' ...
'dotnetclass,0.0,private'' -T link:lib ' mfile]);
I'm getting this error.
??? Error using ==> mcc
The output directory,
'C:\Users\H\Documents\Project\thesis\Source'
does not exist.
I'm pretty sure it's because of the space in the directory path "...\Source Code\...".
Because if I just use another path with no spaces it works perfectly fine.
Is there a way to make this work?
Thank you.
I think the actual problem occurs with your EVAL statement. You build a string to evaluate by concatenating strings like dnetdir and mfile, each of which will have a file path with a space in it. The resulting string you pass to EVAL will look like this:
mcc -N -d C:\Users\H\Documents\Source Code\MatlabFiles\dotnet -W ...
^--Look at that ugly space!
What you need to do is build your string so that there are apostrophes around these paths, like this:
eval(['mcc -N -d ''' dnetdir ''' -W ''dotnet:dotnet,' ...
'dotnetclass,0.0,private'' -T link:lib ''' mfile '''']);
Which will result in a string that looks like this:
mcc -N -d 'C:\Users\H\Documents\Source Code\MatlabFiles\dotnet' -W ...
And which will be evaluated properly now even with that nasty space in there.
I don't have any experience with mcc but some other functions may suffer from similar problems since most people are used to using the command mode (i.e. similar to the command prompt in DOS, Linux, Mac, ...). However, most functions are really functions such that you can use them in function mode and pass their arguments within parentheses.
You can also use mcc in function mode, as described in the help. That might look somewhat like:
mcc('-N', '-d', dnetdir, '-W', 'dotnet:dotnet,dotnetclass,0.0,private', '-T', 'link:lib', mfile);
That way you should not have to worry about escaping any character.
try changing the last line to:
eval(['mcc -N -d ''' dnetdir ''' -W ''dotnet:dotnet,' ...
'dotnetclass,0.0,private'' -T link:lib ' mfile]);
note the extra quotes around dnetdir
When running WCAT on my windows XP machine via the commandline I get the following error:
error: must specify at least one of
the following parameters -run,
-update, -terminate, -showclients or -setclients
The command I try to run is:
wcat.wsf -terminate -run -t scenario.wcat -f settings.ubr -s localhost -singleip -x
And is copied directly from the readme.
The problem is that in the readme, it's not really a hyphens.
If you look at the hex code, you see that the fake hyphen in the readme is 0x96, a hyphen is 0x2d
So go ahead and replace all the hyphens in the line with real ones. It will work after that.
The problem exists because of an error in the regex matching in the wcat.wsf file. For some reason the regex:
var run_regular_expression = /[-\/]run$/;
Will not match the "-run" argument
Changing it to:
var run_regular_expression = /[\-\/]run$/;
Does match the run argument.
Another option is to change to commandline call to:
wcat.wsf /terminate /run -t scenario.wcat -f settings.ubr -s localhost -singleip -x
using slashes instead of hyphens