Is it possible speed up this query by adding more indexes? - postgresql

Question

I have the following SQL query
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT
full_address,
street_address,
street.street,
(
select
city
from
city
where
city.id = property.city_id
)
AS city,
(
select
state_code
from
state
where
id = property.state_id
)
AS state_code,
(
select
zipcode
from
zipcode
where
zipcode.id = property.zipcode_id
)
AS zipcode
FROM
property
INNER JOIN
street
ON street.id = property.street_id
WHERE
street.street = 'W San Miguel Ave'
AND property.zipcode_id =
(
SELECT
id
FROM
zipcode
WHERE
zipcode = '85340'
)
Below is the EXPLAIN ANALYZE results
Gather (cost=1008.86..226541.68 rows=1 width=161) (actual time=59.311..21956.143 rows=184 loops=1)
Workers Planned: 2
Params Evaluated: $3
Workers Launched: 2
InitPlan 4 (returns $3)
-> Index Scan using zipcode_zipcode_county_id_state_id_index on zipcode zipcode_1 (cost=0.28..8.30 rows=1 width=16) (actual time=0.039..0.040 rows=1 loops=1)
Index Cond: (zipcode = '85340'::citext)
-> Nested Loop (cost=0.56..225508.35 rows=1 width=113) (actual time=7430.172..14723.451 rows=61 loops=3)
-> Parallel Seq Scan on street (cost=0.00..13681.63 rows=1 width=28) (actual time=108.023..108.053 rows=1 loops=3)
Filter: (street = 'W San Miguel Ave'::citext)
Rows Removed by Filter: 99131
-> Index Scan using property_street_address_street_id_city_id_state_id_zipcode_id_c on property (cost=0.56..211826.71 rows=1 width=117) (actual time=10983.195..21923.063 rows=92 loops=2)
Index Cond: ((street_id = street.id) AND (zipcode_id = $3))
SubPlan 1
-> Index Scan using city_id_pk on city (cost=0.28..8.30 rows=1 width=9) (actual time=0.003..0.003 rows=1 loops=184)
Index Cond: (id = property.city_id)
SubPlan 2
-> Index Scan using state_id_pk on state (cost=0.27..8.34 rows=1 width=3) (actual time=0.002..0.002 rows=1 loops=184)
Index Cond: (id = property.state_id)
SubPlan 3
-> Index Scan using zipcode_id_pk on zipcode (cost=0.28..8.30 rows=1 width=6) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=1 loops=184)
Index Cond: (id = property.zipcode_id)
Planning Time: 1.228 ms
Execution Time: 21956.246 ms
Is it possible to speed up this query by adding more indexes?

Answer 1

The query can be rewritten using joins rather than subselects. This may be faster and easier to index.
SELECT
full_address,
street_address,
street.street,
city.city as city,
state.state_code as state_code,
zipcode.zipcode as zipcode,
FROM
property
INNER JOIN street ON street.id = property.street_id
INNER JOIN city ON city.id = property.city_id
INNER JOIN state ON state.id = property.state_id
INNER JOIN zipcode ON zipcode.id = property.zipcode_id
WHERE
street.street = 'W San Miguel Ave'
AND zipcode.zipcode = '85340'
Assuming all the foreign keys (property.street_id, property.city_id, etc...) are indexed this now becomes a search on street.street and zipcode.zipcode. As long as they are indexed the query should take milliseconds.