Can't start / connect to Oracle Database - Windows 10 / Oracle 18 XE / SQL Developer - oracle-sqldeveloper

I am trying to install and run this database for a week... ;<
I previously tried with Oracle 12 c standard edition but it didn't work - I don't know why ;(
For now I have uninstalled (I believe) the 12 c and installed 18 XE..
On SQL Plus I have: ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error service is running when I try to log in as sysdba
All services on services.msc are running:
- OracleOraDB18Home1MTSRecoveryService
- OracleOraDB18Home1TNSListener
- OracleRemExecServiceV2
- OracleServiceXE
- OracleVssWriterXE
On command line when I type "lsnrctl status" I have:
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DESKTOP-*******)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for 64-bit Windows: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 23-NOV-2019 10:41:47
Uptime 0 days 11 hr. 36 min. 34 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Default Service XE
Listener Parameter File C:\app\*****\product\18.0.0\dbhomeXE\network\admin\listener.ora
Listener Log File C:\app\*****\product\18.0.0\diag\tnslsnr\DESKTOP-*******\listener\alert\log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DESKTOP-*******)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1521ipc)))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
And on SQL Developer I have one of 2 errors, depending what I write there:
- Status : Failure - The Network Adapter could not establish the connection
- Status : Failure -Test failed: Listener refused the connection with the following error:
ORA-12514, TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
I don't know what I am doing. I just want to install and run this as quickly as possible to practice on sample database for an exam :( This is my PC, no virtual machines or online servers
Please help me investigate the issue - I checked several answers, even on this site, but I can't understand them well, there are a lot more information there than I need....

Your exception message...
TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
... and your listener status...
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
... say exactly what's wrong. Your TNS Listener does not know of your Oracle DB service.
You may be right that your Windows "Oracle DB" service is running; that does not mean, though, that your Oracle instance is running. First, log on as admin to your Oracle DB from a Windows user that is privileged to log on locally...
set ORACLE_SID=fill_in_the_SID_of_your_Oracle_instance_here
sqlplus / as sysdba
... and run...
alter system set local_listener = <fill_in_your_local_listener_SID_here>
alter system register;
That should register your database service to your TNS Listener, provided that you have your local TNS listener configured in your server's tnsnames.ora...
<fill_in_your_local_listener_SID_here> = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 127.0.0.1)(port = 1521))
Too complicated, I know. That's why it's better (for new developers w/o Oracle DBA skills) to use precreated VMs images as suggested by #thatjeffsmith's comment above.

Related

Fusion Freeswitch Maximum Calls In Progress

I use Fusion core Freeswitch to build my PBX Server.
My version:
FreeSWITCH version: 1.10.2-release-14-f7bdd3845a~64bit (-release-14-f7bdd3845a 64bit)
it working find till last month BUT when user registrations reach to 1000
i have check Freeswitch log ( debug level) freeswitch still working
I have check postgreSql log still working
But client disconnected ( webrct from Web using SipJS and Zoiper use TCP protocol) and can not connect to Freeswitch for Registrations , so it can make any call at this time.
At this time when i see log it show "Maximum Calls In Progress"
I have try increase session reach to 5000 and session per second to 1000 and flush cached/ restart freeswitch but still not woking.
Here my switch.conf.xml
Here my postgresql.conf
Here my log when server down: fs_log
You can see i restart freeswitch at this log:
2020-07-29 14:39:08.291394 [INFO] switch_core.c:2879 Shutting down ca289c03-0617-46bf-a7af-eda4a4fe2fbb 2020-07-29 14:39:08.291394 [NOTICE] switch_core_session.c:407 Hangup sofia/internal/1100365#125.212.xxx.xxx [CS_NEW] [SYSTEM_SHUTDOWN]
Please take a look at help me solve this.

SQL Server 2012 service not starting automatically

I have multiple SQL Server instance and I want to start service automatically for each when system starts. So I choose services state to automatically but it does not start automatically.
Here is the error log of one of the SQL Server instances
2018-07-12 17:55:30.96 Server SQL Server detected 1 sockets with 2 cores per socket and 4 logical processors per socket, 4 total logical processors; using 4 logical processors based on SQL Server licensing. This is an informational message; no user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:55:30.96 Server SQL Server is starting at normal priority base (=7). This is an informational message only. No user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:55:30.97 Server Detected 16155 MB of RAM. This is an informational message; no user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:55:30.97 Server Using conventional memory in the memory manager.
2018-07-12 17:55:47.27 Server This instance of SQL Server last reported using a process ID of 4400 at 12/07/2018 5:26:22 PM (local) 12/07/2018 9:26:22 AM (UTC). This is an informational message only; no user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:55:47.54 Server Node configuration: node 0: CPU mask: 0x000000000000000f:0 Active CPU mask: 0x000000000000000f:0. This message provides a description of the NUMA configuration for this computer. This is an informational message only. No user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:55:47.56 Server Using dynamic lock allocation. Initial allocation of 2500 Lock blocks and 5000 Lock Owner blocks per node. This is an informational message only. No user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:55:47.59 Server Software Usage Metrics is disabled.
2018-07-12 17:55:48.57 spid1s Starting up database 'master'.
2018-07-12 17:55:49.53 Server CLR version v4.0.30319 loaded.
2018-07-12 17:55:53.62 Server Common language runtime (CLR) functionality initialized using CLR version v4.0.30319 from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\.
2018-07-12 17:56:09.76 spid1s SQL Server Audit is starting the audits. This is an informational message. No user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:56:09.81 spid1s SQL Server Audit has started the audits. This is an informational message. No user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:56:13.96 spid1s SQL Trace ID 1 was started by login "sa".
2018-07-12 17:56:14.92 spid1s Server name is 'NB-1608-001\SQLEXPRESS1'. This is an informational message only. No user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:56:16.22 spid12s A self-generated certificate was successfully loaded for encryption.
2018-07-12 17:56:16.28 spid12s Server is listening on [ 'any' <ipv6> 51270].
2018-07-12 17:56:16.28 spid12s Server is listening on [ 'any' <ipv4> 51270].
2018-07-12 17:56:16.33 spid12s Server local connection provider is ready to accept connection on [ \\.\pipe\SQLLocal\SQLEXPRESS1 ].
2018-07-12 17:56:16.33 spid12s Server named pipe provider is ready to accept connection on [ \\.\pipe\MSSQL$SQLEXPRESS1\sql\query ].
2018-07-12 17:56:16.33 spid12s Dedicated administrator connection support was not started because it is disabled on this edition of SQL Server. If you want to use a dedicated administrator connection, restart SQL Server using the trace flag 7806. This is an informational message only. No user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:56:16.36 spid12s SQL Server is now ready for client connections. This is an informational message; no user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:56:16.36 Server SQL Server is attempting to register a Service Principal Name (SPN) for the SQL Server service. Kerberos authentication will not be possible until a SPN is registered for the SQL Server service. This is an informational message. No user action is required.
2018-07-12 17:56:16.36 Server The SQL Server Network Interface library could not register the Service Principal Name (SPN) [ MSSQLSvc/NB-1608-001:SQLEXPRESS1 ] for the SQL Server service. Windows return code: 0xffffffff, state: 53. Failure to register a SPN might cause integrated authentication to use NTLM instead of Kerberos. This is an informational message. Further action is only required if Kerberos authentication is required by authentication policies and if the SPN has not been manually registered.
2018-07-12 17:56:16.36 Server The SQL Server Network Interface library could not register the Service Principal Name (SPN) [ MSSQLSvc/NB-1608-001:51270 ] for the SQL Server service. Windows return code: 0xffffffff, state: 53. Failure to register a SPN might cause integrated authentication to use NTLM instead of Kerberos. This is an informational message. Further action is only required if Kerberos authentication is required by authentication policies and if the SPN has not been manually registered.
2018-07-12 17:56:18.34 Logon Error: 18456, Severity: 14, State: 38.
2018-07-12 17:56:18.34 Logon Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM'. Reason: Failed to open the explicitly specified database 'ReportServer$SQLEXPRESS1'. [CLIENT: 192.168.0.100]
2018-07-12 17:56:25.44 Logon Error: 18456, Severity: 14, State: 38.
2018-07-12 17:56:25.44 Logon Login failed for user 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM'. Reason: Failed to open the explicitly specified database 'ReportServer$SQLEXPRESS1'. [CLIENT: 192.168.0.100]
2018-07-12 17:56:31.17 spid13s Error: 9954, Severity: 16, State: 1.
2018-07-12 17:56:31.17 spid13s SQL Server failed to communicate with filter daemon launch service (Windows error: Windows Error: hr = 0x8007006d(failed to retrieve text for this error)). Full-Text filter daemon process failed to start. Full-text search functionality will not be available.
2018-07-12 17:56:31.57 spid1s Starting up database 'msdb'.
First I changed to Service state to Start Delay but it does not work.
Second I changed to Log on properties and set to computer logon user's account but it does not work.
I am not sure why this error occurs and I cant find any useful resource.

ATG Commerce v11 CRS install Error:

I have installed Oracle ATG v11 with the commerce reference store, when I startup the production server and go to the url domain/crs/storeus I see the blank white page, and have the following error in the console:
Oct 13, 2014 1:56:37 PM com.endeca.infront.site.SiteManager getSite
SEVERE: Unable to retrieve site definition for site id: /storeSiteUS
com.endeca.store.exceptions.PathNotFoundException: No node found at
path: [pages].
at com.endeca.store.configuration.InternalNode.getNode(InternalNode.java:153)
at com.endeca.store.configuration.InternalNode.getNodeInfo(InternalNode.java:221)
at com.endeca.store.configuration.InternalNode.getNode(InternalNode.java:150)
at com.endeca.store.configuration.InternalNode.getNode(InternalNode.java:61)
........................................
**** Error Mon Oct 13 13:00:47 +00:00 2014 1413205247448 /atg/endeca/assembler/droplet/InvokeAssembler A problem occurred
assembling the content for content item /content/Web/Home Pages. The
response received was {#type=ContentSlot,
atg:currentSiteProductionURL=/crs/storeus,
canonicalLink=com.endeca.infront.cartridge.model.NavigationAction#2b35e9c6,
ruleLimit=1, #error=com.endeca.infront.content.ContentException:
com.endeca.navigation.ENEConnectionException: Error establishing
connection to retrieve Navigation Engine request
http://localhost:15000/graph?node=0&profiles=sitegroup.siteGroupUS|NoPriceRange|site.storeSiteUS&offset=0&nbins=0&irversion=640'.
Tried all: '2' addresses, but could not connect over HTTP to server:
'localhost', port: '15000' Check MDEX Logs and specified query
parameters. , contentCollection=/content/Web/Home Pages}. Servicing
the error open parameter.
I am assuming this error is related to endeca? I have downloaded CAS, Tools And Frameworks with experience manager and MDX, and Platform Services. Do I need to start these or have I missed a part of the endeca install?
The value of the configurationPath attribute in the DefaultFileStoreFactory.properties located at \localconfig\atg\endeca\assembler\cartridge\manager may be incorrect.
In OOTB CRS, we normally provide the following value for configurationPath attribute :
/ToolsAndFrameworks/11.1.0/server/workspace/state/repository/CRS
Could you please verify the .zip is present at path provided in DefaultFileStoreFactory.properties.
Just check if you are able to connect the below url:
host:15000/admin?op=stats
If you are able to connect this URL, then MDEX is running. Also, you can login to the experience manager and check if the dgraphs and dgidx are running.
If you are not able to connect then check all the services are(tools and http) running and accessible. You can check the endeca logs to debug further.
Your DGraph is not (yet) started.
(Hit this URL in your browser and verify: http://localhost:15000/graph?node=0&profiles=sitegroup.siteGroupUS|NoPriceRange|site.storeSiteUS&offset=0&nbins=0&irversion=640&format=xml)
Possible reasons are:
You did not run baseline update from ATG (from
ProductCatalogSimpleIndexingAdmin dyn/admin component).
You did not run promote content (from your Endeca App's control folder).
Your Services are not working properly (or not started at all). Check that Platform Services and Tools And Frameworks are started.
The solution is to properly define the value for the property configurationPath=E:/Endeca/Apps/CRS/data/workbench/application_export_archive/CRS in "DefaultFileStoreFactory.properties"
If you are using the OS as Windows then define this path as Unix style as shown above.

MSDTC (Distributed Transaction Coordinator) Stops working. Error code -1073737669

I cannot start Distributed Transaction Coordinator service.
It stoped to work few days ago.
When I am trying to start service:
Registry properties:
RPC (For a test values was changed here to oposite and back - without any results ):
Windows logs\application logs:
53283
A MS DTC component has encountered an internal error. The process is being terminated. Error Specifics: DtcSystemShutdown (d:\w7rtm\com\complus\dtc\dtc\msdtc\src\msdtc.cpp#2539): Shutting down with an error
4111
The MS DTC service is stopping.
4102
DTC Security Configuration values (OFF = 0 and ON = 1): Network Administration of Transactions = 1,
Network Clients = 1,
Inbound Distributed Transactions using Native MSDTC Protocol = 1,
Outbound Distributed Transactions using Native MSDTC Protocol = 1,
Transaction Internet Protocol (TIP) = 0,
XA Transactions = 1,
SNA LU 6.2 Transactions = 1
Could not initialize the MS DTC Transaction Manager.
4356
Failed to initialize the MS DTC Communication Manager. Error Specifics: hr = 0x80070057, d:\w7rtm\com\complus\dtc\dtc\cm\src\ccm.cpp:2117, CmdLine: C:\Windows\System32\msdtc.exe, Pid: 5332
4358
The MS DTC Connection Manager is unable to register with RPC to use one of LRPC, TCP/IP, or UDP/IP. Please ensure that RPC is configured properly. If "ServerTcpPort" registry key is configured(DWORD value under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\MSDTC for local DTC instance or under cluster hive for clustered DTC instance), please verify if the configured port is valid and the port is not already in use by a different component. Error Specifics:hr = 0x80070057, d:\w7rtm\com\complus\dtc\dtc\cm\src\iomgrsrv.cpp:2523, CmdLine: C:\Windows\System32\msdtc.exe, Pid: 5332
4156
String message: RPC raised an exception with a return code RPC_S_INVALIDA_ARG..
I found that we can use -resetlog command. But this doesnot resolving my problem:
Firewall is disabled.
Try to delete key HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Rpc\Internet from registry.
To get around this issue, I had to copy the log file (I accidentally deleted) to the location specified by the Local DTC Log information location.

Error with "Get Started" on Oracle Express 11g

this is my first post so I will try to be as descriptive as possible. Please let me know if there is anything missing:
So I am trying to install Oracle Express 11g, after I download the zip file "OracleXE112_Win32" - I unzip it, and open Disk 1 then setup. I go through the entire installation process without any problems. However when I go to open "Get Started" I come across the following error:
"Windows cannot find 'http:/.127.0.0.1:%HTTPPORT%/apex/f?p=4950'. Make sure you typed the name correctly, and then try again. -- After googling this, I was told to change %HTTPPORT% to 8080.
If I do this when I click on "Get Started" the following error shows up:
"Firefox can' establish a connection to the server at 127.0.0.1:8080."
I need this to work, so that I can sooner or later connect this to my eclipse, so that I can start doing my homework for my Java Programming class. Any help is greatly appreciated, thank you so much!
I have found one solution for this problem. In order to explain my solution, I have used some aliases referring to my real parameters. These are:
[ME] = my user name
[MYHOST] = my current workstation hostname (netbios name as well)
[MYHOST.mycompany.com] = my worksation's fully qualified domain name
At the beginning I had the same situation as mentioned above: I was unable to connect to the apex service even after successful installation.
First I have used the tnsping oracle utility:
C:\Users\ME>tnsping MYHOST
This was the answer:
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Used HOSTNAME adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=))(ADDRESS=
(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fe80::5d34:78a:5862:64%20)(PORT=1521))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fe80::c27:54a4:1600:86a4%26)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=
(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fe80::38ab:cdb4:dd77:7ed9%12)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)
(HOST=10.9.32.208)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.1)(PORT=1521))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.106)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
You see above a lot of currently active different IP addresses. Only the most important 127.0.0.1 is missing. I work on notebook so the network is "almost always" changing (WLAN, 3G, HSDPA, Ethernet etc.) only the localhost is fixed. And that was the real case of the trouble. (When I was working at the office environment connected to the office network it was also working.)
When I was in this situation I also started to use the lsnrctl oracle utility.
I have seen the following:
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
Default Service XE
Listener Parameter File /oraclexe/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/server\network\admin\listener.ora
Listener Log File C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\diag\tnslsnr\MYHOST\listener\alert\log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1ipc)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=MYHOST.mycompany.com)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
You can see that the service for the apex at 8080 port is missing !!!
I have tried also the normal ping which worked perfectly:
C:\Users\ME>ping MYHOST.mycompany.com
The result was:
MYHOST.mycompany.com [fe80::c27:54a4:1600:86a4%26] ping
response fe80::c27:54a4:1600:86a4%26: time<10 ms
...
You can realize the IPv6 address also exists in my tnsping trial as well.
So I have decided to define MYHOST in my local hosts file directly:
127.0.0.1 localhost MYHOST MYHOST.mycompany.com
Testing now with ping:
C:\Users\ME>ping MYHOST
And the answer:
MYHOST.mycompany.com [127.0.0.1] ping:
response 127.0.0.1: byte=32 time<10 ms. TTL=128
...
At this point I have restarted (stopped and started again) the both running Oracle services (just for sure):
OracleServiceXE
OracleXETNSListener
And look the miracle:
C:\Users\ME>lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
Default Service XE
Listener Parameter File /oraclexe/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/server\network\admin\listener.ora
Listener Log File C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\diag\tnslsnr\MYHOST\listener\alert\log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1ipc)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=MYHOST.mycompany.com)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=MYHOST.mycompany.com)(PORT=8080))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "XEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "xe" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL>
You can see the important line with PORT=8080 and service XE instance.
So I am happy the getting started URL is working again.
What browser are you using? I experienced the same issue with Chrome. Download firefox, Right click the "Get Started With Oracle Database 11g Express Edition" icon and change the "opens with" option to firefox.
Simple solution:
You need to directly tell where your http port is. To do so; open up the folder where your Oracle is stored and navigate to server folder( in my case C:\Oracle\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server) in that folder right click to Get_Started file and choose properties. There you can hand type your http port which is usually 8080 in my case: ....127.0.0.1:8080/apex/f?p=4950
The problem should be solved.
Hope this helps you get through it..
Pinar U.S.
Right Click on the "Get Started" icon and click on the properties and select General tab. Click on change button and select other browser installed in your system other than the current one . after setting this up, you'll be able to open the panel.
I also experienced the same problem for this go to start-> all programs -> Oracle Database 11g Express Edition and right click on get started and click open file location and drag and drop the "Get_Started" to your browser
Ok, I found the solution. Right click on icon of "Get Started With Oracle Database 11g Express Edition", then "properties". Then click "General tab" and then you will see option "change", click on that and then select your browser, click "apply" and "ok". And then start the Database again.
Drag and drop get started link into browser address bar worked great for me, I tried EVERYTHING else, adding port to hosts, changing port in properties etc. nothing worked, until I dragged and dropped... So damn simple, wish I did that hours ago
Your solution is partially correct buddy. You need to match the entries in the file:
C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server\network\ADMIN\listener.ora
(the entries with the --> mark)
:
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
--> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
--> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = myserver.company.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
:
With the entries in the file:
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
(the entries with the --> mark)
:
--> 127.0.0.1 localhost
--> 1.2.3.4 myserver myserver.company.com
:
Finally, under Administrator account do:
C:> lsnrctl stop
C:> lsnrctl start
Solved. No need for changing name, no drag & drop either.