I cannot change any permissions in one of my db2 databases because the db2 instance is not authorized
DB21034E The command was processed as an SQL statement because it was not a
valid Command Line Processor command. During SQL processing it returned:
SQL0551N The statement failed because the authorization ID does not have the
required authorization or privilege to perform the operation.
I tried to grant administrative permissions for that user but it doesn't have grant permissions either
Do you know any command to check which users have permissions to that database?
Regards
If you know the password for the instance-owner (e.g. db2instx) for connecting to the database, or if you can su/sudo to the instance-owner on the Db2-server, then that instance owner account can grant other users the dbadm (and some other) database rights, and the user with SECADM role can grant additional permissions.
This is not a programming question, but instead an administration question, and the Db2 documentation covers this topic well. So do your study.
Refer to the documentation for details of the GRANT (database) statement
Also study the GRANT statement for table/views
along with other types of GRANT statement for other types of objects.
Study the role of SECADM, if such a role is defined, if your Db2-server version is modern. If your site uses ROLES in addition to other security mechanisms, you also need to be familiar with those.
To find your own account rights you can either query the catalog views (if you have permission, such as (syscat.tabauth, syscat.dbauth and others tc.) or call the table function AUTH_LIST_AUTHORITIES_FOR_AUTHID from the CLP after connecting.
Related
I have created a new sql account and assigned it dbmanager and loginmanager roles. It can be used to create new databases but I am not able to access the database afterwards with that user. When right clicking the new database to run a query, the login prompt apears and says that the security principal %user% can access the database under the current security context.
I am not able to alter or grant user any access to the DB now that I can't even run any queries.
The purpose here is that I have a powershell script that creates the databases and handles the automation under a spesific SQL user. What am I missing?
The login might lacks the necessary permissions to connect to the specified database. Logins that can connect to this instance of SQL Server but do not have particular database rights inherit the guest user's permissions. This is a security feature that prevents users from connecting to databases where they do not have permissions. When the guest user does not have CONNECT permission to the identified database and the trustworthy attribute is not set, this error message appears. When the guest user does not have CONNECT authorization to the listed database, this error message appears.
You can connect to the database in one of the following ways:
Grant the specific login access to the named database.
Grant the CONNECT permission to the database named in the error message for the guest user.
Enable the TRUSTWORTHY property on the database that has authenticated the user.
Please refer to the Microsoft Document for this error: MSSQLSERVER_916
It seems that when creating a new user, a default "USAGE" privilege is granted on EVERY database without any way to revoke these "usage" privileges.
steps to reproduce:
CREATE USER 'mynewuser'#'%'
IDENTIFIED BY 'xxx';
flush privileges;
then
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'mynewuser';
> GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mynewuser'#'%'
Trying to revoke:
REVOKE USAGE ON *.* FROM 'mynewuser'#'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'mynewuser';
> GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mynewuser'#'%'
Correct me if I'm wrong but I think you have an incorrect understanding of the USAGE privilege.
This privilege specifier stands for “no privileges.” It is used at the
global level with GRANT to modify account attributes such as resource
limits or SSL characteristics without naming specific account
privileges in the privilege list. SHOW GRANTS displays USAGE to
indicate that an account has no privileges at a privilege level.
I am working with Firebird 2.5.8, ODS Version 11.2, connecting via Firebird ADO.NET v6.6 (in C# using Visual Studio). I have built a database management tool for configuring our tables, as well as performing some basic Firebird user management operations. The database has different roles (MyRoleX and MyRoleY) defined to give/restrict access.
User management operations include granting/revoking these roles to different users. When logged into the tool, the connection uses the RDB$ADMIN ROLE and the connected user has been created with the ADMIN ROLE. Lastly, there may be more than one Firebird user of the tool (e.g. Mgr1 and Mgr2).
Ok, so Mgr1 CREATEs a new user, along with:
GRANT MyRoleX TO UserA;
GRANT MyRoleY TO UserA;
Mgr1 then is off shift/vacation/unavailable, and Mgr2 realizes UserA should not have been granted MyRoleY. But when Mgr2 logs in and tries to run the command:
REVOKE MyRoleY FROM UserA;
the error message is given:
unsuccessful metadata update
Mgr2 is not grantor of Role on MyRoleY to UserA.
and if the command is changed to:
REVOKE MyRoleY FROM UserA GRANTED BY Mgr1;
then an error message is given:
unsuccessful metadata update
Only SYSDBA or database owner can use GRANTED BY clause.
While the 2nd message is explicitly clear, why, if both Mgr1 and Mgr2 are connected using ROLE=RDB$ADMIN (and of course these users are granted ADMIN ROLE), can they NOT perform this operation?
From Statements for Revoking Privileges , under the heading 'Revoking Privileges That Were GRANTED BY' it states:
the current user must be logged in either with full administrative privileges
If logged in under under RDB$ADMIN, is that not full admin privileges?
At the top of the link under the heading 'RDB$ADMIN Role', it also states:
Assigning the RDB$ADMIN role to a regular user in a database grants that user the privileges of the SYSDBA.
So why then does Mgr2 have privilege like SYSDBA?
Some questions seeking answers:
Am I doing anything wrong here? Is there a way to connect or allow Mgr2 to REVOKE GRANTs to ROLEs made by Mgr1?
We do NOT want to be sharing the SYSDBA nor database owner credentials to perform these operations, so any other solutions?
Since Firebird 2.5.9 Release Notes do not mention any user grant related bugfixes, I think you mistook something, probably you just did not invoke the RDB$ADMIN when you logged in with Mgr2. Try querying the active role just before trying to revoke.
Just tried this in Firebird 2.5.9 Win64 using IBExpert suite.
First session:
/*** connected as SYSDBA with no role specified ***/
GRANT RDB$ADMIN TO ADM_1;
GRANT RDB$ADMIN TO ADM_2;
CREATE ROLE USER_ROLE;
Second session:
/***** ADM_1 with RDB$ADMIN role specified *****/
select current_role, current_user from rdb$database;
-- ROLE USER
-- RDB$ADMIN ADM_1
grant user_role to user_1;
grant user_role to user_2 granted by sysdba;
Third session:
/***** ADM_2 with RDB$ADMIN role specified *****/
select current_role, current_user from rdb$database;
-- ROLE USER
-- RDB$ADMIN ADM_2
revoke user_role from user_2 granted by sysdba;
-- OK
revoke user_role from user_1;
-- This operation is not defined for system tables.
-- unsuccessful metadata update.
-- ADM_2 is not grantor of Role on USER_ROLE to USER_1.
revoke user_role from user_1 granted by adm_1;
-- OK
So, at least in 2.5.9 SuperServer with a single connection to the database - it just works.
P.S. since you can have many more admins than just two, and since SEVERAL admins may grant a role to the user, and then EACH of those grants would have to be found and revoked one by one, so I suggest for your scenario you have a dedicated user then, with all grants being given in his name, like I did with SYSDBA in my second session.
I created a new connection in Oracle SQL Developer. Under this new connection, I created a new user. Now, I'm trying to grant roles and System privileges to this new user. I get the following error while trying to grant system privileges to the new user:
The new user has been granted all the roles successfully. However, I'm unable to grant all system privileges to it.
UPDATE:
I followed this and this links to grant sysdba privilege to the new user using the command prompt. I'm able to grant sysdba to this new user. However, when I try to grant all system privileges from the Oracle sql Developer, I get the same error (specified in the screenshot above). I am trying to grant all the system privilege to the new user because I'm getting following error while trying to access the tables of the database.
Recently I had to change my OS to Windows 10. Earlier I had Windows 7 and I didn't have any of this issues. Is this issue related to OS? Is there any problem to use Oracle SQL Developer in Windows 10?
Please refer to this blog
The ORA-01031: "insufficient privileges" error occurs when you attempt
to execute a program or function for which you have not been granted
the appropriate privileges.
For the DBA, the ORA-01031 can happen if the target OS executables do
not have read and execute permissions (e.g. (770) in UNIX/Linux), and
ensure that the oracle user is a member of the dba group (e.g.
/etc/group). There are similar permission in the Windows registry.
Inside Oracle, the "ORA-01031: insufficient privileges" error can be
avoided by signing on "as sysdba" with unlimited database privileges.
The oerr utility notes this on the ORA-01031 error:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Cause: An attempt was made to change the current username or password
without the appropriate privilege. This error also occurs if
attempting to install a database without the necessary operating
system privileges. When Trusted Oracle is configure in DBMS MAC, this
error may occur if the user was granted the necessary privilege at a
higher label than the current login.
Action: Ask the database administrator to perform the operation or
grant the required privileges. For Trusted Oracle users getting this
error although granted the appropriate privilege at a higher label,
ask the database administrator to re-grant the privilege at the
appropriate label.
You should be connected as SYS or SYSTEM in order to grant SYSDBA. Are you?
For example:
connect sys/pwd#db as sysdba
grant sysdba to santobedi;
Connect as sysdba
bash-4.2$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus / as sysdba
show user will show user as 'SYS'
show con_name will display CDB$ROOT
SQL> alter session set container=PDB19;
Session altered.
SQL> grant sysdba to ggadmin;
Grant succeeded.
I'm not a DBA and I have got some questions around access controls for schemas. Let's say I have a Postgres server running a several databases. The admin user is postgres. I have another user tmpUser with which I could log in to the remote server using pgadmin3 client.
I now create a database called myDatabase which is by default owned by the postgres user. I then use my admin client to remotely log in to this myDatabase using the tmpUser account.
I now create a new schema inside this myDatabase called myDbSchema. I created a new role called myDbRole and did a grant usage, grant all on myDatabase, myDbSchema to the myDbRole.
The question now is how should I control access to this myDatabase. I tried to log in to the remote server using the tmpUser and when I tried to execute select * from myTable where myTable is a table in myDatabase, it came back with a permission denied sql message. So I changed the owner of the table to the tmpUser which I really do not want to!
Is there a guide or something on how I should go about creating and organizing roles with schemas in postgres?
It is not entirely clear what your problem is (for instance, what is role "myDbRole" for, is that a group role (NOLOGIN) or a user role (LOGIN)?) but in general you could follow this pattern of permission management:
Create a specific role to own a database and all or most of the objects in it. This should be a group role (NOLOGIN) for security reasons. Do not use the postgres user; if you need to login as that role often to do regular database work, you are doing something wrong. Any superuser (or other user role that has that role granted to it) can "impersonate" that owner role using SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION to do necessary maintenance. In a production environment this should be hardly ever necessary; during development you might want to consider making the role with LOGIN permission for ease of use.
The owner creates all the schemas, tables, views, functions, etc. that you need for your application. By default, all of those objects are only available to the database owner, with the exception of functions.
Define a number of group role profiles, each having specific requirements of the database. You could have, for instance sales_staff, product_managers, accounting and senior_management for a company, or web_user, web_admin, app_developer and app_manager for a web site. The database owner then GRANTs access to the database (CONNECT), schemas (USAGE), tables, views and functions (EXECUTE), as needed. I usually REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION x() TO public, for security reasons.
Assign group role membership to user roles, as needed: GRANT sales_staff TO jane. The user roles should have LOGIN INHERIT such that they can log in and inherit the permission of group roles that they are a member of. That includes the permission to connect to a database and usage rights on schemas. Note that a single user role can have membership in multiple group roles.
Lastly, update your pg_hba.conf file to enable remote access to the database.