I am reviewing the source code for gitflow-avh (A VirtualHome edition), version 1.12.3, which ships with Git for Windows, version 2.31.1. I'm looking at lines 67-73 of the script git-flow.
*MINGW*)
export GITFLOW_DIR=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
pwd () {
builtin pwd -W
}
;;
*)
# The sed expression here replaces all backslashes by forward slashes.
# This helps our Windows users, while not bothering our Unix users.)
export GITFLOW_DIR=$(dirname "$(echo "$0" | sed -e 's,\\,/,g')")
;;
esac
What is the -W option? I'm only aware of -L and -P in bash. I'm fairly confident this is a "MINGW-ism", but I'm having trouble finding documentation online.
Does anyone know what the -W option does?
Ok, so I found this specifically has to do with MSYS2, as opposed to MINGW.
Per MSYS2's website, "How does MSYS2 differ from Cygwin?":
I had to run MSYS2 itself to actually see what the -W option provided:
In my "root" directory in Git Bash on Windows, pwd just gives me /.
But with -W, I get the real location:
$ pwd -W
C:/Program Files/Git
There's nothing on the man page for pwd, of course. Based on #A. Hendry's answer, I think I'll just alias pwd so that it always uses the -W option.
If I try to use Visual Studio Code (on macOS 10.15) to edit my crontab, it opens an empty file without the contents of my crontab.
$ VISUAL='code' crontab -e
crontab: no changes made to crontab
I didn't actually expect this to work (without -w) but include it for completeness. But when I add the -w it still fails.
$ VISUAL="code -w" crontab -e
crontab: code -w: No such file or directory
crontab: "code -w" exited with status 1
It occurred to me that there may be some weirdness with quoting, but neither single quotes nor the following fixed anything:
$ function codew() {
function> code -w "$1"
function> }
$ export VISUAL='codew'
$ crontab -e
The problem seems to be that the crontab's tempfile is not actually present. But how do I solve this? How can I use VS Code to edit crontabs?
Create a file touch ~/code-wait.sh:
#!/bin/bash
OPTS=""
if [[ "$1" == /tmp/* ]]; then
OPTS="-w"
fi
/usr/local/bin/code ${OPTS:-} -a "$#"
Make this file executable:
chmod 755 ~/code-wait.sh
Add to your .bashrc or .bash_profile or .zshrc:
export VISUAL=~/code-wait.sh
export EDITOR=~/code-wait.sh
Run command:
EDITOR='code' crontab -e
here the setting works for me.
.bashrc
## vscode
export VISUAL=/path/to/code-wait.sh
export EDITOR=/path/to/code-wait.sh
code-wait.sh
#!/bin/sh
code -w $*
That is quite a complex issue because there is no way to detect which tool calls the preferred editor. The TTY is the same and no environment variables can help.
Still, I was able to come up with a solution that enables the foreground mode (wait) for temporary files. IMHO, most if not all tools that use external editors and are waiting for them to save the file do use temporary files.
Full script is at https://github.com/ssbarnea/harem/blob/master/bin/edit but I will include here the main snippet:
#!/bin/bash
OPTS=""
if [[ "$1" == /tmp/* ]]; then
OPTS="-w"
fi
/usr/local/bin/code ${OPTS:-} -a "$#"
System: Arch Linux in VirtualBox 5.1.26 on Windows 10 Host
I try to use perl like sed in the terminal for in place substitution the input file:
perl -i -p -e 's/orig/replace/g' input_file
But I always get:
Can't remove input_file Text file busy, skipping file
This happens only if the file is inside a VirtualBox vboxsf share. With all other tools (sed, mv, vim or whatever) it is no problem to change the file.
This problem seems to be related to:
https://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/2553
https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?t=4437
I can't find any solution googling around :(
Update:
Using perl -i.bak -p -e 's/orig/replace/g' input_file I get a similar message:
Can't rename input_file to input_file.bak: Text file busy, skipping file.
This is exactly the same message as gedit shows:
So it is the same behavior, but googling around I can only find the Gedit topic. It seems noone has noticed this with perl -i.
While you are running a unix OS, you are still using a Windows file system. NTFS doesn't support anonymous files like unix file systems, and Perl -i requires support for anonymous files.
The workaround is to use a temporary files by using -i<ext> (e.g. -i~) instead of -i.
I have same problem. My solution is a bashscript. Copy files to tmp. Search and Replace. Overwrite tmp-files with original-files. Than delete tmp-dir. If you need you can use parameter in script for dynamic search&replace and create an alias for call the script direct and everywhere.
#!/bin/bash
echo "Removing text from .log files..."
echo "Creating tmp-dir..."
mkdir /tmp/myTmpFiles/
echo "Copy .log files to tmp..."
cp -v /home/user/sharedfolder/*.log /tmp/myTmpFiles/
echo "Search and Replace in tmp-files..."
perl -i -p0e 's/orig/replace/g' /tmp/myTmpFiles/*.log
echo "Copy .log to sharedfolder"
cp -v /tmp/myTmpFiles/*.log /home/user/sharedfolder/
echo "Remove tmp-dir..."
rm -vr /tmp/myTmpFiles/
echo "Done..."
I've successfully used the following sed command to search/replace text in Linux:
sed -i 's/old_link/new_link/g' *
However, when I try it on my Mac OS X, I get:
"command c expects \ followed by text"
I thought my Mac runs a normal BASH shell. What's up?
EDIT:
According to #High Performance, this is due to Mac sed being of a different (BSD) flavor, so my question would therefore be how do I replicate this command in BSD sed?
EDIT:
Here is an actual example that causes this:
sed -i 's/hello/gbye/g' *
If you use the -i option you need to provide an extension for your backups.
If you have:
File1.txt
File2.cfg
The command (note the lack of space between -i and '' and the -e to make it work on new versions of Mac and on GNU):
sed -i'.original' -e 's/old_link/new_link/g' *
Create 2 backup files like:
File1.txt.original
File2.cfg.original
There is no portable way to avoid making backup files because it is impossible to find a mix of sed commands that works on all cases:
sed -i -e ... - does not work on OS X as it creates -e backups
sed -i'' -e ... - does not work on OS X 10.6 but works on 10.9+
sed -i '' -e ... - not working on GNU
Note Given that there isn't a sed command working on all platforms, you can try to use another command to achieve the same result.
E.g., perl -i -pe's/old_link/new_link/g' *
I believe on OS X when you use -i an extension for the backup files is required. Try:
sed -i .bak 's/hello/gbye/g' *
Using GNU sed the extension is optional.
This works with both GNU and BSD versions of sed:
sed -i'' -e 's/old_link/new_link/g' *
or with backup:
sed -i'.bak' -e 's/old_link/new_link/g' *
Note missing space after -i option! (Necessary for GNU sed)
Had the same problem in Mac and solved it with brew:
brew install gnu-sed
and use as
gsed SED_COMMAND
you can set as well set sed as alias to gsed (if you want):
alias sed=gsed
Or, you can install the GNU version of sed in your Mac, called gsed, and use it using the standard Linux syntax.
For that, install gsed using ports (if you don't have it, get it at http://www.macports.org/) by running sudo port install gsed. Then, you can run sed -i 's/old_link/new_link/g' *
Your Mac does indeed run a BASH shell, but this is more a question of which implementation of sed you are dealing with. On a Mac sed comes from BSD and is subtly different from the sed you might find on a typical Linux box. I suggest you man sed.
Insead of calling sed with sed, I do ./bin/sed
And this is the wrapper script in my ~/project/bin/sed
#!/bin/bash
if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
exec "gsed" "$#"
else
exec "sed" "$#"
fi
Don't forget to chmod 755 the wrapper script.
Sinetris' answer is right, but I use this with find command to be more specific about what files I want to change. In general this should work (tested on osx /bin/bash):
find . -name "*.smth" -exec sed -i '' 's/text1/text2/g' {} \;
In general when using sed without find in complex projects is less efficient.
I've created a function to handle sed difference between MacOS (tested on MacOS 10.12) and other OS:
OS=`uname`
# $(replace_in_file pattern file)
function replace_in_file() {
if [ "$OS" = 'Darwin' ]; then
# for MacOS
sed -i '' -e "$1" "$2"
else
# for Linux and Windows
sed -i'' -e "$1" "$2"
fi
}
Usage:
$(replace_in_file 's,MASTER_HOST.*,MASTER_HOST='"$MASTER_IP"',' "./mysql/.env")
Where:
, is a delimeter
's,MASTER_HOST.*,MASTER_HOST='"$MASTER_IP"',' is pattern
"./mysql/.env" is path to file
As the other answers indicate, there is not a way to use sed portably across OS X and Linux without making backup files. So, I instead used this Ruby one-liner to do so:
ruby -pi -e "sub(/ $/, '')" ./config/locales/*.yml
In my case, I needed to call it from a rake task (i.e., inside a Ruby script), so I used this additional level of quoting:
sh %q{ruby -pi -e "sub(/ $/, '')" ./config/locales/*.yml}
Here's how to apply environment variables to template file (no backup need).
1. Create template with {{FOO}} for later replace.
echo "Hello {{FOO}}" > foo.conf.tmpl
2. Replace {{FOO}} with FOO variable and output to new foo.conf file
FOO="world" && sed -e "s/{{FOO}}/$FOO/g" foo.conf.tmpl > foo.conf
Working both macOS 10.12.4 and Ubuntu 14.04.5
Here is an option in bash scripts:
#!/bin/bash
GO_OS=${GO_OS:-"linux"}
function detect_os {
# Detect the OS name
case "$(uname -s)" in
Darwin)
host_os=darwin
;;
Linux)
host_os=linux
;;
*)
echo "Unsupported host OS. Must be Linux or Mac OS X." >&2
exit 1
;;
esac
GO_OS="${host_os}"
}
detect_os
if [ "${GO_OS}" == "darwin" ]; then
sed -i '' -e ...
else
sed -i -e ...
fi
sed -ie 's/old_link/new_link/g' *
Works on both BSD & Linux with gnu sed
I have some files: file1.txt, file2.txt and I would like to rename them like this: file1.something.txt and file2.something.txt
I looked for some similar questions and I come up with this:
for i in file*.txt; do echo mv $i file*.something.txt; done
but unfortunately the output is:
mv file1.txt file*.something.txt
mv file2.txt file*.something.txt
and therefore only 1 file is created.
Could please somebody help?
(I am using a macbook air, I am not sure if this is relevant)
Thank you very much
Try this :
rename -n 's/\.txt/something.txt' *
(remove -n switch when your tests are OK)
There are other tools with the same name which may or may not be able to do this, so be careful.
If you run the following command (GNU)
$ file "$(readlink -f "$(type -p rename)")"
and you have a result like
.../rename: Perl script, ASCII text executable
and not containing:
ELF
then this seems to be the right tool =)
If not, to make it the default (usually already the case) on Debian and derivative like Ubuntu :
$ sudo update-alternatives --set rename /path/to/rename
(replace /path/to/rename to the path of your perl's rename command.
If you don't have this command, search your package manager to install it or do it manually
Last but not least, this tool was originally written by Larry Wall, the Perl's dad.