so I'm new to Matlab and had to draw the Impulsefunction with y(n) is only 1 if n == 3, else 0. The following code works:
n = -5:5;
f = n; % allocate f
for i = 1 : length(n)
f(i) = dd1(n(i)-3);
end
stem(n, f);
function y = dd1(n)
y = 0;
if n == 0
y = 1;
end
end
But I feel like it's to complicated, so I tried the following:
n = -5:5
stem(n, fo)
function y = fo(n)
y = 0
if n == 3
y=1
end
end
This returns
Not enough input arguments.
Error in alternative>fo (line 5)
if n == 3
Error in alternative (line 2)
stem(n, fo)
I feel like I'm missing something trivial here.
if is no vector-wise operation but expects a single boolean (or at least a scalar that it can cast to a boolean).
But you can do this vector-wise:
lg = n == 3;
This produces a logical (MATLAB's name for boolean) array (because n is an array and not a vector), which is true where n is equal (==) to three. So you don't need a function, because you can make use of MATLAB's ability to work with vectors and arrays implicitly.
(for your code it would be f = (n-3) == 3)
A last hint: if you have a state-space system (ss-object), you can use the function step to get the step-response as a plot.
Related
One of the methods to compute sqrt(a), a>0 is
X(n+1) = (a + (X(n)*X(n-1))/(X(n)+X(n-1)), n = 1, 2, …,
with X0=1 and X1=a (That is, it is known that lim n-> infin of Xn = sqrt(a)
Write a function [sqa, nitr] = mySqrt(a) which implements this calculation. The function should use a while-loop, terminate when the difference between Xn+1 and Xn becomes smaller than eps(10*a), and output Xn+1 in sqa and the value of n at which the while-loop was terminated in nitr. Test your function for a = 103041.
I have written this but it does not work
function [sqa, nitr] = mySqrt (a)
%[sqa, nitr] = mySqrt (a)
% computes square root of a
% sqa = a;
sqaprev = a;
nitr = 0;
X(n+1) = (a + (X(n)*X(n-1))/(X(n)+X(n-1))); %find the second term
sqa= X(n+1)
while abs (sqaprev-sqa) >= eps (10*a)
sqaprev = sqa;
sqa = (1/2) *(sqaprev+ (a/sqaprev));
nitr = nitr + 1;
end %while
end
i get the error:
Unrecognized function or variable 'X'.
Error in mySqrt (line 7)
X(n+1) = (a + (X(n)*X(n-1))/(X(n)+X(n-1))); %find the second term
Could someone help me ?
You should start with declaring your variables and assigning them values
X(1)=1;
X(2)=a;
n=2;
Then in the loop you apply the given recursion formula, not the Heron/Babylonian formula that got from somewhere else.
According to the algorithm you presented for the square root, you can try the code below
function [sqa, n] = mySqrt(a)
n = 2; % start from 2
X = [1,a]; % initial value for sequence X
while true % repeat procedure until termination condition is reached
X(n+1) = (a + (X(n)*X(n-1)))/(X(n)+X(n-1)); % update sequence X by assigning new values
if abs(X(n+1)-X(n)) <= eps(10*a) % termination condition
break;
end
n = n + 1;
end
sqa = X(end); % return the last element of X as the square root
end
such that
>> [sqa,n] = mySqrt(a)
sqa = 321.00
n = 20
I am trying to plot a discrete ramp sequence using Matlab, within the interval [-10, 10].
This is my code:
function Ramp()
rampseq(-10, 10);
end
function rampseq (n1, n2)
n = (n1:1:n2);
stem (n, pw(n));
end
function y = pw(n)
if (n < 0)
y = 0;
return;
else
y = n;
return;
end
end
I define the behavior of the sequence in the pw(n) function (short form for 'piecewise'). Note that if n < 0, the output should be 0 or else if n >= 0, the output should be n itself. However, the plot turns out to be:
This isn't the ramp sequence as the Y-values are not 0 when n < 0, contrary to the behavior defined in the pw(n) function. Where am I going wrong? Is the if statement being skipped for some reason? The Command Window does not show any error.
You are passing the whole vector n into the pw() function. However, the pw() function then compares n to 0, which is a scalar.
You could adjust your pw() function to operate on vector inputs like this:
function y = pw(n)
y = n;
y(n < 0) = 0;
end
I am trying to implement the following filter on a discrete signal x:
I'm supposed to write a MATLAB function that takes a length-M (> N) vector x and a scalar N as input. The output should be a length-M vector y.
I should then test the filter with M = 50, x[n]=cos(n*pi/5)+dirac[n-30]-dirac[n-35] and N = 4, 8, 12.
Here is my try, which returns Inf with the given input and N:
function y = filt( x, N )
% filter function
if(~isvector(x))
error('Input must be a vector')
end
y = zeros(1,length(x));
temp = zeros(1,length(x));
n=1;
for v = x(:)
temp(n) = v(n);
if(n <= N-1)
y(n) = max(x);
n = n+1;
elseif(n >= N-1)
y(n) = max(temp);
end
end
end
I also tried using the built-in filter function but I can't get it to work.
Code for using the filter:
p = zeros(1,50);
for i=0:50
p(i+1)= cos(i*pi/5)+dirac(i-30)-dirac(i-35)
end
y = filt(p,4)
Thanks in advance.
That's because dirac(0) gives you Inf. This will happen in two places in your signal, where n=30 and n=35. I'm assuming you want the unit impulse instead. As such, create a signal where at n = 31 and n = 36, the output is 1, then add this with your cosine signal. This is because MATLAB starts indexing at 1 and not 0, and so dirac[0] would mean that the first point of your signal is non-zero, so translating this over by 30: dirac[n-30] would mean that the 31st point is non-zero. Similar case for dirac[n-35], so the 36th point is non-zero:
p = zeros(1,50);
p(31) = 1; p(36) = 1;
p = p + cos((0:49)*pi/5);
y = filt(p,4);
I also have some reservations with your code. It doesn't do what you think it's doing. Specifically, I'm looking at this section:
n=1;
for v = x(:)
temp(n) = v(n);
if(n <= N-1)
y(n) = max(x);
n = n+1;
elseif(n >= N-1)
y(n) = max(temp);
end
end
Doing v = x(:) would produce a column vector, and using a loop with a column vector will have unintentional results. Specifically, this loop will only execute once, with v being the entire signal. You also aren't checking the conditions properly for each window. You are doing max(x), which applies the maximum to the entire signal, and not the window.
If I can suggest a rewrite, this is what you should be doing instead:
function y = filt( x, N )
% filter function
if(~isvector(x))
error('Input must be a vector')
end
y = zeros(1,length(x));
%///// CHANGE
for n = 1 : numel(x)
if (n <= N)
y(n) = max(x(1:n));
else
y(n) = max(x(n:-1:n-N+1));
end
end
end
Take note that the if statement is n <= N. This is because in MATLAB, we start indexing at 1, but the notation in your equation starts indexing at 0. Therefore, instead of checking for n <= N-1, it must now be n <= N.
I have a function replace_me which is defined like as: function w = replace_me(v,a,b,c). The first input argument v is a vector, while a, b, and c are all scalars. The function replaces every element of v that is equal to a with b and c. For example, the command
x = replace_me([1 2 3],2,4,5); returns x as [1 4 5 3].
The code that I have created is
function w = replace_me(v,a,b,c)
[row,column]=size(v);
new_col=column+1;
w=(row:new_col);
for n=(1:column)
if a==v(n)
v(n)=b;
o=n;
d=n-1;
u=n+1;
for z=1:d
w(z)=v(z);
end
for z=u:column
w(z+1)=v(z);
end
w(o)=b;
w(o+1)=c;
end
end
end
It works perfectly fine for x = replace_me([1 2 3],2,4,5); I get required output but when I try x = replace_me([1 2 3], 4, 4, 5) my function fails.
To resolve this problem I want to use an if else statements having conditions that if a is equal to any element of vector v we would follow the above equation else it returns back the vector.
I tried to use this as if condition but it didn't worked
if v(1:column)==a
Any ideas
I'm not entirely sure if I understand what you are trying to achieve, but form what I understand you're looking for something like this:
function [v] = replace_me(v,a,b,c)
v = reshape(v,numel(v),1); % Ensure that v is always a column vector
tol = 0.001;
aPos = find( abs(v-a) < tol ); % Used tol to avoid numerical issues as mentioned by excaza
for i=numel(aPos):-1:1 % Loop backwards since the indices change when inserting elements
index = aPos(i);
v = [v(1:index-1); b; c; v(index+1:end)];
end
end
function w = move_me(v,a)
if nargin == 2
w=v(v~=a);
w(end+1:end+(length(v)-length(w)))=a;
elseif isscalar(v)
w=v;
else
w=v(v~=0);
w(end+1)=0;
end
end
Hey i have an issuse with plotting my own function in scilab.
I want to plot the following function
function f = test(n)
if n < 0 then
f(n) = 0;
elseif n <= 1 & n >= 0 then
f(n) = sin((%pi * n)/2);
else
f(n) = 1;
end
endfunction
followed by the the console command
x = [-2:0.1:2];
plot(x, test(x));
i loaded the function and get the following error
!--error 21
Invalid Index.
at line 7 of function lala called by :
plot(x, test(x))
Can you please tell me how i can fix this
So i now did it with a for loop. I don't think it is the best solution but i can't get the other ones running atm...
function f = test(n)
f = zeros(size(n));
t = length(n);
for i = 1:t
if n(i) < 0 then
f(i) = 0;
elseif n(i) <= 1 & n(i) >= 0
f(i) = sin((%pi * n(i)/2));
elseif n(i) > 1 then
f(i) = 1;
end
end
endfunction
I guess i need to find a source about this issue and get used with the features and perks matlab/scilab have to over :)
Thanks for the help tho
The original sin is
function f = test(n)
(...)
f(n) = (...)
(...)
endfunction
f is supposed to be the result of the function. Therefore, f(n) is not "the value that the function test takes on argument n", but "the n-th element of f". Scilab then handles this however it can; on your test case, it tries to access a non-integer index, which results in an error. Your loop solution solves the problem.
Replacing all three f(n) by f in your first formulation makes it into something that works... as long as the argument is a scalar (not an array).
If you want test to be able to accept vector arguments without making a loop, the problem is that n < 0 is a vector of the same size as n. My solution would use logical arrays for indexing each of the three conditions:
function f = test(n)
f = zeros(size(n));
negative = (n<0);//parentheses are optional, but I like them for readability
greater_than_1 = (n>1);
others = ~negative & ~greater_than_1;
f(isnegative)=0;
f(greater_than_1)=1;
f(others) = sin(%pi/2*n(others));
endfunction