Callback functions in Chapel - hpc

I have the following Chapel code.
proc update(x: int(32)) {
return 2*x;
}
proc dynamics(x: int(32)) {
return update(x);
}
writeln(dynamics(7));
I would like to send some kind of callback to dynamics, like
proc update(x: int(32)) {
return 2*x;
}
proc dynamics(x: int(32), f: ?) {
return f(x);
}
writeln(dynamics(7, update));
Is this possible? Are there examples I could browse?

Chapel has first-class functions . They are work in progress, at the same time have been used successfully (details are escaping me).
Your example works if you either remove the :? or specify the function's type as func(int(32), int(32)):
proc dynamics(x: int(32), f) // or
proc dynamics(x: int(32), f: func(int(32), int(32)))

The same intention may also get fulfilled with passing a lambdified "callback", potentially with an ALAP-associatively mapped callback-wrapper.
var f = lambda(n:int){ return -2 * n;};
writeln( f( 123 ) ); // lambda --> -246
proc update( x: int(32) ) { // Brian's wish
return 2*x;
}
proc dynamics( x: int(32), f ) { // Vass' solution
return f( x );
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
writeln( dynamics( 7, f ) ); // proof-of-work [PASS] --> -14
var A = [ lambda( n:int ){ return 10 * n; }, // associatively mapped lambdified-"callbacks"
lambda( n:int ){ return 20 * n; },
lambda( n:int ){ return 30 * n; }
];
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
writeln( dynamics( 8, lambda(i:int){ return f(i); } ) ); // proof-of-work [PASS] --> -16
writeln( dynamics( 8, lambda(i:int){ return A[1](i); } ) ); // proof-of-work [PASS] --> 80
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
forall funIDX in 1..3 do
writeln( dynamics( 8, A[funIDX] ) ); // proof-of-work [PASS] --> 80 | 160 | 240
The whole TiO.run online-IDE mock-up code is here.

Related

Parameterize parameters?

I would like to parameterize localparam parameters.
My module definition:
module native #(
parameter SIM_ONLY = 0,
parameter FREQ = 500
)(
...
);
I have lots of instantiations using the same localparam parameter A.
if (FREQ == 550) begin
localparam A = 987;
end else begin
localparam A = 122;
end
AA #(
.A_VALUE (A),
) AA_inst (
...
);
But that isn't allowed in the specification, is there a different proper way to do it?
/!\ The A value is a magic number, not something that can be calculated from FREQ.
I've tried:
if (FREQ == 550) begin
shortreal A = 987;
end else begin
shortreal A = 122;
end
but I get The expression for a parameter actual associated with the parameter name... must be constant.
Use the conditional operator ?:
localparam A = (FREQ==550) 987 : 122;
You can also put more complicated expressions into a constant function
localparam A = some_function(FREQ);
function int some_function(int F);
case(F)
550: return 987;
123: return 456;
default: return 122;
endcase
endfunction

Why does loop crash and and not print? Unity3D

Given a cubic space, this function searches for the next large empty space, places a marker there, and then quits.
However, the function doesn't even print the check message that exists prior to the loops starting, so i don't know how to debug it. The checking starts at 0,0,0 and spaces outside the voxel are returned as true, so it should default all the first loops and send messages back. The unity.exe process jams and i have to abort it.
Why doesn't it print? What else is wrong with it? Even if it is slow, i should be able to track progress within the loops? why wouldn't it?
function findvoidable() //find void space in voxel volume
{
var step = dist+1;
print("start"); WaitForFixedUpdate(); //this doesnt print
for ( var k : int = 0; k < mesher.PNGpaths.Length ; k+=step/2)
for ( var j = 0; j < mesher.tex.height ; j+=step/2)
for ( var i = 0; i < mesher.tex.width ; i+=step/2){
print("in schema");WaitForFixedUpdate();
if (wst( i , j , k )==false )
if (wst( i+step,j ,k )==false )
if (wst( i-step,j ,k )==false )
if (wst( i ,j+step,k )==false )
if (wst( i ,j-step,k )==false )
if (wst( i ,j ,k+step )==false )
if (wst( i ,j ,k-step )==false )
{
var cnt=0;
for ( var x = i-step; x < i+step ; x+=1)
for ( var y = j-step; y < j+step ; y+=1)
for ( var z = k-step; z < k+step ; z+=1)
{
if ( wst( x , y , z ) == false )
cnt+=1;
}
if ( cnt >= step*step*step-3 )
{
refCube.transform.position=Vector3(i,j,k);
break;break;break;break;break;break;
}
else
{
WaitForFixedUpdate();
refCube.transform.position=Vector3(i,j,k);
}
}
}
}
WaitForFixedUpdate is a Coroutine and is not supposed to be run like a normal method.
Instead, try "yield" statement:
yield WaitForFixedUpdate();
More info: https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Coroutine.html

why is class integer automately returned 1

I have a problem with my code.
My code make for a value game.
There are 2 items, each have value and weight and a ship have max weight content.
When I input those value the console returns 1.
Can somebody tell me why integer class return 1 and how to fix it?
public class Sort {
static int knapsackLight(int value1, int weight1, int value2, int weight2, int maxW) {
if (weight1 + weight2 <= maxW) return value1 + value2;
else{
int d1 = maxW - weight1;
int d2 = maxW - weight2;
if (d1>=0 && d2>=0){
if (value1 >= value2) return value1;
else return value2;
}
else if (d1>=0 && d2<0) return d1;
else if (d2>=0 && d1<0) return d2;
}
return 0;
}
public static void main(String[] a){
int val1 = 5;
int val2 = 9;
int w1 = 10;
int w2 = 6;
int maxW = 7;
System.out.println(knapsackLight(val1,w1,val2,w2,maxW));
}
}
You will get different return values as per input values. You can add debug statements before return value to check which condition is holding true value. e.g.
System.out.println("value1");
return value1;
...
...
System.out.println("value2");
return value2;
...
...
System.out.println("d1");
return d1;
...
...
System.out.println("d2");
return d2;
1 is the correct answer for those values.
If (weight1 + weight2 <= maxW) is false (10 + 6 > 7)
(d1>=0 && d2>=0) is false because d2 is smaller than 0 (-3).
So your are returning d1 which is maxW(7) - weight1(6) = 1.

Google Translate TTS API blocked

Google implemented a captcha to block people from accessing the TTS translate API https://translate.google.com/translate_tts?ie=UTF-8&q=test&tl=zh-TW. I was using it in my mobile application. Now, it is not returning anything. How do I get around the captcha?
Add the qualifier '&client=tw-ob' to the end of your query.
https://translate.google.com/translate_tts?ie=UTF-8&q=test&tl=zh-TW&client=tw-ob
This answer no longer works consistently. Your ip address will be blocked by google temporarily if you abuse this too much.
there are 3 main issues:
you must include "client" in your query string (client=t seems to work).
(in case you are trying to retrieve it using AJAX) the Referer of the HTTP request must be https://translate.google.com/
"tk" field changes for every query, and it must be populated with a matching hash:
tk = hash(q, TKK), where q is the text to be TTSed, and TKK is a var in the global scope when you load translate.google.com: (type 'window.TKK' in the console). see the hash function at the bottom of this reply (calcHash).
to summarize:
function generateGoogleTTSLink(q, tl, tkk) {
var tk = calcHash(q, tkk);
return `https://translate.google.com/translate_tts?ie=UTF-8&total=1&idx=0&client=t&ttsspeed=1&tl=${tl}&tk=${tk}&q=${q}&textlen=${q.length}`;
}
generateGoogleTTSLink('ciao', 'it', '410353.1336369826');
// see definition of "calcHash" in the bottom of this comment.
=> to get your hands on a TKK, you can open Google Translate website, then type "TKK" in developer tools' console (e.g.: "410353.1336369826").
NOTE that TKK value changes every hour, and so, old TKKs might get blocked at some point, and refreshing it may be necessary (although so far it seems like old keys can work for a LONG time).
if you DO wish to periodically refresh TKK, it can be automated pretty easily, but not if you're running your code from the browser.
you can find a full NodeJS implementation here:
https://github.com/guyrotem/google-translate-server.
it exposes a minimal TTS API (query, language), and is deployed to a free Heroku server, so you can test it online if you like.
function shiftLeftOrRightThenSumOrXor(num, opArray) {
return opArray.reduce((acc, opString) => {
var op1 = opString[1]; // '+' | '-' ~ SUM | XOR
var op2 = opString[0]; // '+' | '^' ~ SLL | SRL
var xd = opString[2]; // [0-9a-f]
var shiftAmount = hexCharAsNumber(xd);
var mask = (op1 == '+') ? acc >>> shiftAmount : acc << shiftAmount;
return (op2 == '+') ? (acc + mask & 0xffffffff) : (acc ^ mask);
}, num);
}
function hexCharAsNumber(xd) {
return (xd >= 'a') ? xd.charCodeAt(0) - 87 : Number(xd);
}
function transformQuery(query) {
for (var e = [], f = 0, g = 0; g < query.length; g++) {
var l = query.charCodeAt(g);
if (l < 128) {
e[f++] = l; // 0{l[6-0]}
} else if (l < 2048) {
e[f++] = l >> 6 | 0xC0; // 110{l[10-6]}
e[f++] = l & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{l[5-0]}
} else if (0xD800 == (l & 0xFC00) && g + 1 < query.length && 0xDC00 == (query.charCodeAt(g + 1) & 0xFC00)) {
// that's pretty rare... (avoid ovf?)
l = (1 << 16) + ((l & 0x03FF) << 10) + (query.charCodeAt(++g) & 0x03FF);
e[f++] = l >> 18 | 0xF0; // 111100{l[9-8*]}
e[f++] = l >> 12 & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{l[7*-2]}
e[f++] = l & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{(l+1)[5-0]}
} else {
e[f++] = l >> 12 | 0xE0; // 1110{l[15-12]}
e[f++] = l >> 6 & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{l[11-6]}
e[f++] = l & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{l[5-0]}
}
}
return e;
}
function normalizeHash(encondindRound2) {
if (encondindRound2 < 0) {
encondindRound2 = (encondindRound2 & 0x7fffffff) + 0x80000000;
}
return encondindRound2 % 1E6;
}
function calcHash(query, windowTkk) {
// STEP 1: spread the the query char codes on a byte-array, 1-3 bytes per char
var bytesArray = transformQuery(query);
// STEP 2: starting with TKK index, add the array from last step one-by-one, and do 2 rounds of shift+add/xor
var d = windowTkk.split('.');
var tkkIndex = Number(d[0]) || 0;
var tkkKey = Number(d[1]) || 0;
var encondingRound1 = bytesArray.reduce((acc, current) => {
acc += current;
return shiftLeftOrRightThenSumOrXor(acc, ['+-a', '^+6'])
}, tkkIndex);
// STEP 3: apply 3 rounds of shift+add/xor and XOR with they TKK key
var encondingRound2 = shiftLeftOrRightThenSumOrXor(encondingRound1, ['+-3', '^+b', '+-f']) ^ tkkKey;
// STEP 4: Normalize to 2s complement & format
var normalizedResult = normalizeHash(encondingRound2);
return normalizedResult.toString() + "." + (normalizedResult ^ tkkIndex)
}
// usage example:
var tk = calcHash('hola', '409837.2120040981');
console.log('tk=' + tk);
// OUTPUT: 'tk=70528.480109'
You can also try this format :
pass q= urlencode format of your language
(In JavaScript you can use the encodeURI() function & PHP has the rawurlencode() function)
pass tl = language short name (suppose bangla = bn)
Now try this :
https://translate.google.com.vn/translate_tts?ie=UTF-8&q=%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE+&tl=bn&client=tw-ob
First, to avoid captcha, you have to set a proper user-agent like: "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:46.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/46.0"
Then to not being blocked you must provide a proper token ("tk" get parameter) for each single request.
On the web you can find many different kind of scripts that try to calculate the token after a lot of reverse engineering...but every time the big G change the algorithm you're stuck again, so it's much easier to retrieve your token just observing in deep similar requests to translate page (with your text in the url).
You can read the token time by time grepping "tk=" from the output of this simple code with phantomjs:
"use strict";
var page = require('webpage').create();
var system = require('system');
var args = system.args;
if (args.length != 2) { console.log("usage: "+args[0]+" text"); phantom.exit(1); }
page.onConsoleMessage = function(msg) { console.log(msg); };
page.onResourceRequested = function(request) { console.log('Request ' + JSON.stringify(request, undefined, 4)); };
page.open("https://translate.google.it/?hl=it&tab=wT#fr/it/"+args[1], function(status) {
if (status === "success") { phantom.exit(0); }
else { phantom.exit(1); }
});
so in the end you can get your speech with something like:
wget -U "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:46.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/46.0"
"http://translate.google.com/translate_tts?ie=UTF-8&tl=it&tk=52269.458629&q=ciao&client=t" -O ciao.mp3
(token are probably time based so this link may not work tomorrow)
I rewrote Guy Rotem's answer in Java, so if you prefer Java over Javascript, feel free to use:
public class Hasher {
public long shiftLeftOrRightThenSumOrXor(long num, String[] opArray) {
long result = num;
int current = 0;
while (current < opArray.length) {
char op1 = opArray[current].charAt(1); // '+' | '-' ~ SUM | XOR
char op2 = opArray[current].charAt(0); // '+' | '^' ~ SLL | SRL
char xd = opArray[current].charAt(2); // [0-9a-f]
assertError(op1 == '+'
|| op1 == '-', "Invalid OP: " + op1);
assertError(op2 == '+'
|| op2 == '^', "Invalid OP: " + op2);
assertError(('0' <= xd && xd <= '9')
|| ('a' <= xd && xd <='f'), "Not an 0x? value: " + xd);
int shiftAmount = hexCharAsNumber(xd);
int mask = (op1 == '+') ? ((int) result) >>> shiftAmount : ((int) result) << shiftAmount;
long subresult = (op2 == '+') ? (((int) result) + ((int) mask) & 0xffffffff)
: (((int) result) ^ mask);
result = subresult;
current++;
}
return result;
}
public void assertError(boolean cond, String e) {
if (!cond) {
System.err.println();
}
}
public int hexCharAsNumber(char xd) {
return (xd >= 'a') ? xd - 87 : Character.getNumericValue(xd);
}
public int[] transformQuery(String query) {
int[] e = new int[1000];
int resultSize = 1000;
for (int f = 0, g = 0; g < query.length(); g++) {
int l = query.charAt(g);
if (l < 128) {
e[f++] = l; // 0{l[6-0]}
} else if (l < 2048) {
e[f++] = l >> 6 | 0xC0; // 110{l[10-6]}
e[f++] = l & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{l[5-0]}
} else if (0xD800 == (l & 0xFC00) &&
g + 1 < query.length() && 0xDC00 == (query.charAt(g + 1) & 0xFC00)) {
// that's pretty rare... (avoid ovf?)
l = (1 << 16) + ((l & 0x03FF) << 10) + (query.charAt(++g) & 0x03FF);
e[f++] = l >> 18 | 0xF0; // 111100{l[9-8*]}
e[f++] = l >> 12 & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{l[7*-2]}
e[f++] = l & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{(l+1)[5-0]}
} else {
e[f++] = l >> 12 | 0xE0; // 1110{l[15-12]}
e[f++] = l >> 6 & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{l[11-6]}
e[f++] = l & 0x3F | 0x80; // 10{l[5-0]}
}
resultSize = f;
}
return Arrays.copyOf(e, resultSize);
}
public long normalizeHash(long encondindRound2) {
if (encondindRound2 < 0) {
encondindRound2 = (encondindRound2 & 0x7fffffff) + 0x80000000L;
}
return (encondindRound2) % 1_000_000;
}
/*
/ EXAMPLE:
/
/ INPUT: query: 'hola', windowTkk: '409837.2120040981'
/ OUTPUT: '70528.480109'
/
*/
public String calcHash(String query, String windowTkk) {
// STEP 1: spread the the query char codes on a byte-array, 1-3 bytes per char
int[] bytesArray = transformQuery(query);
// STEP 2: starting with TKK index,
// add the array from last step one-by-one, and do 2 rounds of shift+add/xor
String[] d = windowTkk.split("\\.");
int tkkIndex = 0;
try {
tkkIndex = Integer.valueOf(d[0]);
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long tkkKey = 0;
try {
tkkKey = Long.valueOf(d[1]);
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
int current = 0;
long result = tkkIndex;
while (current < bytesArray.length) {
result += bytesArray[current];
long subresult = shiftLeftOrRightThenSumOrXor(result,
new String[] {"+-a", "^+6"});
result = subresult;
current++;
}
long encondingRound1 = result;
//System.out.println("encodingRound1: " + encondingRound1);
// STEP 3: apply 3 rounds of shift+add/xor and XOR with they TKK key
long encondingRound2 = ((int) shiftLeftOrRightThenSumOrXor(encondingRound1,
new String[] {"+-3", "^+b", "+-f"})) ^ ((int) tkkKey);
//System.out.println("encodingRound2: " + encondingRound2);
// STEP 4: Normalize to 2s complement & format
long normalizedResult = normalizeHash(encondingRound2);
//System.out.println("normalizedResult: " + normalizedResult);
return String.valueOf(normalizedResult) + "."
+ (((int) normalizedResult) ^ (tkkIndex));
}
}

How do I use Perl's Inline::C?

I have a piece of code like this (Perl file):
print "9 + 16 = ", add(9, 16), "\n";
print "9 - 16 = ", subtract(9, 16), "\n";
C code also,
#include<stdio.h>
main ()
{
int x = 9;
int y = 16;
printf(" add() is %d\n", add(x,y));
printf(" sub() is %d\n", subtract(x,y));
// return 0;
}
int add(int x, int y)
{
return x + y;
}
int subtract(int x, int y)
{
return x - y;
}
How can I run this C code with perl using Inline::C? I tried but i am not exactly getting.
Have a look at
Inline::C-Cookbook - A Cornucopia of Inline C Recipes, you
will get lot of examples using Inline
with C.
See Inline - Write Perl subroutines in other programming languages, you will come to know how to use Inline and you will get C examples too.
try:
use Inline 'C';
print "9 + 16 = ", add(9, 16), "\n";
print "9 - 16 = ", subtract(9, 16), "\n";
__END__
__C__
int add(int x, int y) {
return x + y;
}
int subtract(int x, int y) {
return x - y;
}