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i m trying to perform the following substitution on lines of the general format:
BBBBBBB.2018_08,XXXXXXXXXXXXX,01/01/2014,"109,07",DF,CCCCCCCCCCC, .......
as you see the problem is that its a comma separated file, with a specific field containing a comma decimal. I would like to replace that with a dot .
I ve tried this, to replace the first occurence of a pattern after match, but to no avail, could someone help me?
sed -e '/,"/!b' -e "s/,/./"
sed -e '/"/!b' -e ':a' -e "s/,/\./"
Thanks in advance. An awk or perl solution would help me as well. Here's an awk effort:
gawk -F "," 'substr($10, 0, 3)==3 && length($10)==12 { gsub(/,/,".", $10); print}'
That yielded the same file unchanged.
CSV files should be parsed in awk with a proper FPAT variable that defines what constitutes a valid field in such a file. Once you do that, you can just iterate over the fields to do the substitution you need
gawk 'BEGIN { FPAT = "([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"; OFS="," }
{ for(i=1; i<=NF;i++) if ($i ~ /[,]/) gsub(/[,]/,".",$i);}1' file
See this answer of mine to understand how to define and parse CSV file content with FPAT variable. Also see Save modifications in place with awk to do in-place file modifications like sed -i''.
The following sed will convert all decimal separators in quoted numeric fields:
sed 's/"\([-+]\?[0-9]*\)[,]\?\([0-9]\+\([eE][-+]\?[0-9]+\)\?\)"/"\1.\2"/g'
See: https://www.regular-expressions.info/floatingpoint.html
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed -E ':a;s/^([^"]*("[^",]*"[^"]*)*"[^",]*),/\1./;ta' file
This regexp matches a , within a pair of "'s and replaces it by a .. The regexp is anchored to the start of the line and thus needs to be repeated until no further matches can be matched, hence the :a and the ta commands which causes the substitution to be iterated over whilst any substitution is successful.
N.B. The solution expects that all double quotes are matched and that no double quotes are quoted i.e. \" does not appear in a line.
If your input always follows that format of only one quoted field containing 1 comma then all you need is:
$ sed 's/\([^"]*"[^"]*\),/\1./' file
BBBBBBB.2018_08,XXXXXXXXXXXXX,01/01/2014,"109.07",DF,CCCCCCCCCCC, .......
If it's more complicated than that then see What's the most robust way to efficiently parse CSV using awk?.
Assuming you have this:
BBBBBBB.2018_08,XXXXXXXXXXXXX,01/01/2014,"109,07",DF,CCCCCCCCCCC
Try this:
awk -F',' '{print $1,$2,$3,$4"."$5,$6,$7}' filename | awk '$1=$1' FS=" " OFS=","
Output will be:
BBBBBBB.2018_08,XXXXXXXXXXXXX,01/01/2014,"109.07",DF,CCCCCCCCCCC
You simply need to know the field numbers for replacing the field separator between them.
In order to use regexp as in perl you have to activate extended regular expression with -r.
So if you want to replace all numbers and omit the " sign, then you can use this:
echo 'BBBBBBB.2018_08,XXXXXXXXXXXXX,01/01/2014,"109,07",DF,CCCCCCCCCCC, .......'|sed -r 's/\"([0-9]+)\,([0-9]+)\"/\1\.\2/g'
If you want to replace first occurrence only you can use that:
echo 'BBBBBBB.2018_08,XXXXXXXXXXXXX,01/01/2014,"109,07",DF,CCCCCCCCCCC, .......'|sed -r 's/\"([0-9]+)\,([0-9]+)\"/\1\.\2/1'
https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/sed.txt
I have a text file full of lines looking like:
Female,"$0 to $25,000",Arlington Heights,0,60462,ZD111326,9/18/13 0:21,Disk Drive
I am trying to change all of the commas , to pipes |, except for the commas within the quotes.
Trying to use sed (which I am new to)... and it is not working. Using:
sed '/".*"/!s/\,/|/g' textfile.csv
Any thoughts?
As a test case, consider this file:
Female,"$0 to $25,000",Arlington Heights,0,60462,ZD111326,9/18/13 0:21,Disk Drive
foo,foo,"x,y,z",foo,"a,b,c",foo,"yes,no"
"x,y,z",foo,"a,b,c",foo,"yes,no",foo
Here is a sed command to replace non-quoted commas with pipe symbols:
$ sed -r ':a; s/^([^"]*("[^"]*"[^"]*)*),/\1|/g; t a' file
Female|"$0 to $25,000"|Arlington Heights|0|60462|ZD111326|9/18/13 0:21|Disk Drive
foo|foo|"x,y,z"|foo|"a,b,c"|foo|"yes,no"
"x,y,z"|foo|"a,b,c"|foo|"yes,no"|foo
Explanation
This looks for commas that appear after pairs of double quotes and replaces them with pipe symbols.
:a
This defines a label a.
s/^([^"]*("[^"]*"[^"]*)*),/\1|/g
If 0, 2, 4, or any an even number of quotes precede a comma on the line, then replace that comma with a pipe symbol.
^
This matches at the start of the line.
(`
This starts the main grouping (\1).
[^"]*
This looks for zero or more non-quote characters.
("[^"]*"[^"]*)*
The * outside the parens means that we are looking for zero or more of the pattern inside the parens. The pattern inside the parens consists of a quote, any number of non-quotes, a quote and then any number on non-quotes.
In other words, this grouping only matches pairs of quotes. Because of the * outside the parens, it can match any even number of quotes.
)
This closes the main grouping
,
This requires that the grouping be followed by a comma.
t a
If the previous s command successfully made a substitution, then the test command tells sed to jump back to label a and try again.
If no substitution was made, then we are done.
using awk could be eaiser:
kent$ cat f
foo,foo,"x,y,z",foo,"a,b,c",foo,"yes,no"
Female,"$0 to $25,000",Arlington Heights,0,60462,ZD111326,9/18/13 0:21,Disk Drive
kent$ awk -F'"' -v OFS='"' '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)if(i%2)gsub(",","|",$i)}7' f
foo|foo|"x,y,z"|foo|"a,b,c"|foo|"yes,no"
Female|"$0 to $25,000"|Arlington Heights|0|60462|ZD111326|9/18/13 0:21|Disk Drive
I suggest a language with a proper CSV parser. For example:
ruby -rcsv -ne 'puts CSV.generate_line(CSV.parse_line($_), :col_sep=>"|")' file
Female|$0 to $25,000|Arlington Heights|0|60462|ZD111326|9/18/13 0:21|Disk Drive
Here I would have used gnu awks FPAT. It define how a field looks like FS that tells what the separator is. Then you can just set the output separator to |
awk '{$1=$1}1' OFS=\| FPAT="([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")" file
Female|"$0 to $25,000"|Arlington Heights|0|60462|ZD111326|9/18/13 0:21|Disk Drive
If your awk does not support FPAT, this can be used:
awk -F, '{for (i=1;i<NF;i++) {c+=gsub(/\"/,"&",$i);printf "%s"(c%2?FS:"|"),$i}print $NF}' file
Female|"$0 to $25,000"|Arlington Heights|0|60462|ZD111326|9/18/13 0:21|Disk Drive
sed 's/"\(.*\),\(.*\)"/"\1##HOLD##\2"/g;s/,/|/g;s/##HOLD##/,/g'
This will match the text in quotes and put a placeholder for the commas, then switch all the other commas to pipes and put the placeholder back to commas. You can change the ##HOLD## text to whatever you want.
I'm having issues matching strings even if they start with any number of white spaces. It's been very little time since I started using regular expressions, so I need some help
Here is an example. I have a file (file.txt) that contains two lines
#String1='Test One'
String1='Test Two'
Im trying to change the value for the second line, without affecting line 1 so I used this
sed -i "s|String1=.*$|String1='Test Three'|g"
This changes the values for both lines. How can I make sed change only the value of the second string?
Thank you
With gnu sed, you match spaces using \s, while other sed implementations usually work with the [[:space:]] character class. So, pick one of these:
sed 's/^\s*AWord/AnotherWord/'
sed 's/^[[:space:]]*AWord/AnotherWord/'
Since you're using -i, I assume GNU sed. Either way, you probably shouldn't retype your word, as that introduces the chance of a typo. I'd go with:
sed -i "s/^\(\s*String1=\).*/\1'New Value'/" file
Move the \s* outside of the parens if you don't want to preserve the leading whitespace.
There are a couple of solutions you could use to go about your problem
If you want to ignore lines that begin with a comment character such as '#' you could use something like this:
sed -i "/^\s*#/! s|String1=.*$|String1='Test Three'|g" file.txt
which will only operate on lines that do not match the regular expression /.../! that begins ^ with optional whiltespace\s* followed by an octothorp #
The other option is to include the characters before 'String' as part of the substitution. Doing it this way means you'll need to capture \(...\) the group to include it in the output with \1
sed -i "s|^\(\s*\)String1=.*$|\1String1='Test Four'|g" file.txt
With GNU sed, try:
sed -i "s|^\s*String1=.*$|String1='Test Three'|" file
or
sed -i "/^\s*String1=/s/=.*/='Test Three'/" file
Using awk you could do:
awk '/String1/ && f++ {$2="Test Three"}1' FS=\' OFS=\' file
#String1='Test One'
String1='Test Three'
It will ignore first hits of string1 since f is not true.
i have a little problem in sed, i want to replace the following line :
space here#Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/varr1/var2/*.conf"
or
space here# Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/varr1/varr2/*.conf"
(note the space after #)
to the following
Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/varr1/varr2/*.conf"
the following code works, with line that doesn't start with space :
sed -i "s/# Include \"\/usr\/local\/apache\/conf\/userdata\/std\/2\/$varr1\/$varr2\/\*.conf\"/Include \"\/usr\/local\/apache\/conf\/userdata\/std\/2\/$varr1\/$varr2\/\*.conf\"/" file.name
any help will be appreciated,
thank all
You don't need to write the path, just capture it:
sed -i 's!# *Include \("[^"]*"\)!Include \1!' input.file
Instead of using / as delimiter, you can pick up any character you want instead.
By example :
sed -i 's###g' file
So, no need to put backslashes on everything, this is difficult to read for humans beings.
Finally, try doing this :
sed -i 's#^ *# *Include \+"/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/varr1/var\+2/\*\.conf"#Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/varr1/varr2/*.conf"#g' file.name
NOTE
* character mean zero or N occurrences in regex
^ character mean start of line
* & . are special characters, so they are backslashed. Later means any single character
I have a file of string records where one of the fields - delimited by "," - can contain one or more "-" inside it.
The goal is to delete the field value if it contains more than two "-".
i am trying to recoup my past knowledge of sed/awk but can't make much headway
==========
info,whitepaper,Data-Centers,yes-the-6-top-problems-in-your-data-center-lane
info,whitepaper,Data-Centers,the-evolution-center
info,whitepaper,Data-Centers,the-evolution-of-lan-technology-lanner
==========
expected outcome:
info,whitepaper,Data-Centers
info,whitepaper,Data-Centers,the-evolution-center
info,whitepaper,Data-Centers
thanks
Try
sed -r 's/(^|,)([^,-]+-){3,}[^,]+(,|$)/\3/g'
or if you're into slashes
sed 's/\(^\|,\)\([^,-]\+-\)\{3,\}[^,]\+\(,\|$\)/\3/g'
Explanation:
I'm using the most basic sed command: substitution. The syntax is: s/pattern/replacement/flags.
Here pattern is (^|,)([^,-]+-){3,}[^,]+(,|$), replacement is \3, flags is g.
The g flag means global replacement (all matching parts are replaced, not only the first in line).
In pattern:
brackets () create a group. Somewhat like in math. They also allow to refer to a group with a number later.
^ and $ mean beginning and end of the string.
| means "or", so (^|,) means "comma or beginning of the string".
square brackets [] mean a character class, ^ inside means negation. So [^,-] means "anything but comma or hyphen". Not that usually the hyphen has a special meaning in character classes: [a-z] means all lowercase letters. But here it's just a hyphen because it's not in the middle.
+ after an expression means "match it 1 or more times" (like * means match it 0 or more times).
{N} means "match it exactly N times. {N,M} is "from N to M times". {3,} means "three times or more". + is equivalent to {1,}.
So this is it. The replacement is just \3. This refers to the third group in (), in this case (,|$). This will be the only thing left after the substitution.
P.S. the -r option just changes what characters need to be escaped: without it all of ()-{}| are treated as regular chars unless you escape them with \. Conversely, to match literal ( with -r option you'll need to escape it.
P.P.S. Here's a reference for sed. man sed is your friend as well.
Let me know if you have further questions.
You could try perl instead of sed or awk:
perl -F, -lane 'print join ",", grep { !/-.*-.*-/ } #F' < file.txt
This might work for you:
sed 's/,\{,1\}[^,-]*\(-[^,]*\)\{3,\}//g file
sed 's/\(^\|,\)\([^,]*-\)\{3\}[^,]*\(,\|$\)//g'
This should work in more cases:
sed 's/,$/\n/g;s/\(^\|,\|\n\)\([^,\n]*-\)\{3\}[^,\n]*\(,\|\n\|$\)/\3/g;s/,$//;s/\n/,/g'