I'm currently setting up a server and successfully passing functions and test data to that server.
Is there an eloquent way to clear out all the functions, variables, tables, etc.? Since we are running KDB in a Docker container and accessing it via IP address, I prefer not to have to restart the q session on the server, but rather assign many/all values and functions to :: or null.
At present I'm assuming I have to reassign each function/variable/table to :: or similar to achieve this. It isn't a big issue but I expect to have numerous functions.
\p 5042
h:hopen `:XXX.XXX.XX.XX:5042
h "sq:{x*x}" //send sample function sq to server
h "sq: ::" //assign function sq to nothing (repeat for all variables/functions/tables etc)
hclose h
//check the IP address list of functions to confirm deletion http://XXX.XXX.XX.XX:5042/?\f
Would you be able to give us a bit more information as to why you want to clear out everything (and in particular, why do you want to set functions to null)?
Otherwise, you can do a few things. You can do a delete statement on a namespace to delete everything in it. To do delete all tables/variables/functions in the global namespace, you can do the following.
q)a: 1
q)b: 1 2 3
q)f: {1 + x}
q)value `.
a| 1
b| 1 2 3
f| {1 + x}
q)delete from `.
`.
q)value `.
q)f
'f
[0] f
^
q)
If you want to null them rather than delete them, you could use the system commands a, f and v to get lists of all the tables (a), functions (f) and varialbes (v) in the global (or other) name space, and then use set to set them all to null.
q)f: {1+x}
q)g: {2*x}
q)(system"f")set'(::)
`f`g
q)f
q)g
q)
Is this roughly what you were looking for?
(One obvious problem with this is that you might end up deleting other peoples variables.)
Few extra points to add to Matt's:
.Q.gc[] may be a good idea to run after doing this. This will return any memory to the OS that was being used by those variables in the root namespace e.g. if you had a large table defined before this.
Use an alternative namespace for functions you want to keep after this clearing e.g. .utils. You could even add a .utils.refresh function which clears the root namespace and runs .Q.gc[]
Related
I would like to delete all records for all tables in memory but still keep the schemas.
for example:
a:([]a:1 2;b:2 4);
b:([]c:2 3;d:3 5);
I wrote a function:
{[t] t::select from t where i = -1} each tables[]
this didnt work, so i tried
{[t] ![`t;enlist(=;`i;-1);0b;()]} each tables[]
didnt work either.
Any idea or better ways?
If you pass a global table name as a symbol, it removes all the rows, leaving an empty table
q)delete from `a
`a
q)a
a b
---
q)meta a
c| t f a
-| -----
a| j
b| j
To do it for all global tables in root name space
{delete from x} each tables[]
Your second attempt using function was close. You can achieve it via the following (functional form of the above):
![;();0b;`symbol$()] each tables[]
The first argument should be the symbol of the table for the same reason I mentioned before
The second argument should be an empty list as we want to delete all records (we do not want to delete where i=-1, as that would delete nothing)
The final argument (list of columns to delete) should be an empty symbol list instead of an empty general list.
Mark's solution is best for doing what you want rather than functional form. Just adding to your question on t failing as putting kdb code in comments is awkward.
Your functional form fails not because of the t but because your last argument is not a symbol list `$(). Also you would want to delete where i is > -1, not =
q){[t] ![t;enlist(>;`i;-1);0b;`$()]} each `d`t`q
`d`t`q
q)d
date sym time bid1 bsize1 bid2 bsize2 bid3 bsize3 ask1 asize1 ask2 asize2 ask..
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------..
q)t
date sym time src price size
----------------------------
q)q
date sym time src bid ask bsize asize
-------------------------------------
I'm trying to understand this snippet code from:
https://code.kx.com/q/kb/loading-from-large-files/
to customize it by myself (e.x partition by hours, minutes, number of ticks,...):
$ cat fs.q
\d .Q
/ extension of .Q.dpft to separate table name & data
/ and allow append or overwrite
/ pass table data in t, table name in n, : or , in g
k)dpfgnt:{[d;p;f;g;n;t]if[~&/qm'r:+en[d]t;'`unmappable];
{[d;g;t;i;x]#[d;x;g;t[x]i]}[d:par[d;p;n];g;r;<r f]'!r;
#[;f;`p#]#[d;`.d;:;f,r#&~f=r:!r];n}
/ generalization of .Q.dpfnt to auto-partition and save a multi-partition table
/ pass table data in t, table name in n, name of column to partition on in c
k)dcfgnt:{[d;c;f;g;n;t]*p dpfgnt[d;;f;g;n]'?[t;;0b;()]',:'(=;c;)'p:?[;();();c]?[t;();1b;(,c)!,c]}
\d .
r:flip`date`open`high`low`close`volume`sym!("DFFFFIS";",")0:
w:.Q.dcfgnt[`:db;`date;`sym;,;`stats]
.Q.fs[w r#]`:file.csv
But I couldn't find any resources to give me detail explain. For example:
if[~&/qm'r:+en[d]t;'`unmappable];
what does it do with the parameter d?
(Promoting this to an answer as I believe it helps answer the question).
Following on from the comment chain: in order to translate the k code into q code (or simply to understand the k code) you have a few options, none of which are particularly well documented as it defeats the purpose of the q language - to be the wrapper which obscures the k language.
Option 1 is to inspect the built-in functions in the .q namespace
q).q
| ::
neg | -:
not | ~:
null | ^:
string | $:
reciprocal| %:
floor | _:
...
Option 2 is to inspect the q.k script which creates the above namespace (be careful not to edit/change this):
vi $QHOME/q.k
Option 3 is to lookup some of the nuggets of documentation on the code.kx website, for example https://code.kx.com/q/wp/parse-trees/#k4-q-and-qk and https://code.kx.com/q/basics/exposed-infrastructure/#unary-forms
Options 4 is to google search for reference material for other/similar versions of k, for example k2/k3. They tend to be similar-ish.
Final point to note is that in most of these example you'll see a colon (:) after the primitives....this colon is required in q/kdb to use the monadic form of the primitive (most are heavily overloaded) while in k it is not required to explicitly force the monadic form. This is why where will show as &: in the q reference but will usually just be & in actual k code
I can see two ways to define a global variable from a function in q.
Using ::
q){gv::10}[]
q)gv /- 10
Using set
q){`gv set 20}[]
q)gv /- 20
There is a catch with set i.e. if a global variable already has a symbol assigned to it, then the value which is assigned to global variable within the function is assigned to the symbol which is assigned to global variable.
q)gv:`t
q){gv set 20}[]
`t
q)gv
`t
q)t
20
Can someone please explain me which is the better way (set or ::) to define a global variable within a function and why is it better?
There is no "better" really - but set has the advantage of assigning to a variable name which is itself a variable (as you showed in your example).
I'm confused about your confusion in the last example though......if you wanted 20 to be assigned to a global called gv then you should put a backtick in front of gv, aka `gv set 20; and conversely if you wanted 20 to be assigned to the symbol/name that gv contains then don't use the backtick, aka gv set 20;
Final point to note is that you can also create globals in non-root directories/namespaces using a single colon assignment
q){.this.that:1;}[]
q)
q).this
| ::
that| 1
I would like to conditionally process blocks of syntax where the condition is based on the active data set.
Within an SPSS macro, you can conditionally process a block of syntax using the !IF/!IFEND macro command. However, as far as I can tell, the user is required to explicitly give a value to the flag by either using the !LET command (!LET !FLAG = 1), or by using a Macro input variable. This is wildly different from my experience with other languages, where I can write code that has branching logic based on the data I'm working with.
Say that there is a block of syntax that I only want to run if there are at least 2 records in the active data set. I can create a variable in the data set which is equal to the number of records using the AGGREGATE function, but I can't find a way to make a macro variable equal to that value in a way that is usable as a !IF condition. Below is a very simple version of what I'd like to do.
COMPUTE DUMMY=1.
AGGREGATE
/OUTFILE = * MODE = ADDVARIABLES
/BREAK DUMMY
/NUMBER_OF_CASES = N.
!LET !N_CASES = NUMBER_OF_CASES.
!IF (!N_CASES > 1) !THEN
MEANS TABLES = VAR1 VAR2 VAR3.
!IFEND
Is what I'm attempting possible? Thanks in advance for your time and consideration.
Following is a way to put a value from the dataset into a macro, which you can then use wherever you need - including in another macro.
First we'll make a little dataset to recreate your example:
data list free/var1 var2 var3.
begin data
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
end data.
* this will create the number of cases value:
AGGREGATE /OUTFILE = * MODE = ADDVARIABLES /BREAK /NUMBER_OF_CASES = N.
Now we can send the value into a macro - by writing a separate syntax file with the macro definition.
do if $casenum=1.
write out='SomePath\N_CASES.sps' /"define !N_CASES() ", NUMBER_OF_CASES, " !enddefine.".
end if.
exe.
insert file='SomePath\N_CASES.sps'.
The macro is now defined and you can use the value in calculations (e.g if you want to use it for analysis of a different dataset, or later in your syntax when the current data is not available).
for example:
compute just_checking= !N_CASES .
You can also use it in your macro as in your example - you'll see that the new macro can't read the !N_CASES macro as is, that's why you need the !eval() function:
define !cond_means ()
!IF (!eval(!N_CASES) > 1) !THEN
MEANS TABLES = VAR1 VAR2 VAR3.
!IFEND
!enddefine.
Now running the macro will produce nothing if there is just one line in your data, and will run means if there was more than one line:
!cond_means.
I'm looking for a way to write functional select in KDB such that the where phrases is only apply if the column exists (on order to avoid error). If the column doesn't exist, it defaults to true.
I tried this but it didn't work
enlist(|;enlist(in;`colname;key flip table);enlist(in;`colname;filteredValues[`colname]));
I tried to write a simple boolean expression and use parse to get my functional form
(table[`colname] in values)|(not `colname in key flip table)
But kdb doesn't have short circuit so the left-hand expression is still evaluated despite the right-hand expression evaluating to true. This caused a weird output boolean$() which is a list of booleans all evaluating to false 0b
Any help is appreciated. Thanks!
EDIT 1: I have to join a series of condition with parameter specified in the dictionary filters
cond,:(,/) {[l;k] enlist(in;k;enlist l[k])}[filters]'[a:(key filters)]
Then I pass this cond on and it gets executed on a few different selects on different tables. How can I make sure that whatever conditional expression I put in place of enlist(in;k;enlist l[k] will only get evaluated as the select statement gets executed.
You can use the if-else conditional $ here to do what you want
For example:
q)$[`bid in cols`quotes;enlist (>;`bid;35);()]
> `bid 35
q)$[`bad in cols`quotes;enlist (>;`bad;35);()]
Note that in the second example, the return is an empty list, as this column isn't in quotes table
So you can put this into the functional select like so:
?[`quotes;$[`bid in cols`quotes;enlist (>;`bid;35);()];0b;()]
and the where clause will be applied the the column is present, otherwise no where clause will be applied:
q)count ?[`quotes;$[`bid in cols`quotes;enlist (>;`bid;35);()];0b;()]
541 //where clause applied, table filtered
q)count ?[`quotes;$[`bad in cols`quotes;enlist (>;`bad;35);()];0b;()]
1000 //where clause not applied, full table returned
Hope this helps
Jonathon
AquaQ Analytics
EDIT: If I'm understanding your updated question correctly, you might be able to do something a like the following. Firstly, let's define an example "filters" dictionary:
q)filters:`a`b`c!(1 2 3;"abc";`d`e`f)
q)filters
a| 1 2 3
b| a b c
c| d e f
So here we are assuming a few different columns of different types, for illustration purposes. You can build up your list of where clauses like so:
q)(in),'flip (key filters;value filters)
in `a 1 2 3
in `b "abc"
in `c `d`e`f
(this is equivalent to the code you had to generate cond, but it's a little neater & more efficient - you also have the values enlisted, which isn't necessary)
You could then use a vector conditional to generate your list of where clauses to apply to a given table e.g.
q)t:([] a:1 2 3 4 5 6;b:"adcghf")
q)?[key[filters] in cols[t];(in),'flip (key filters;value filters);count[filters]#()]
(in;`a;,1 2 3)
(in;`b;,"abc")
()
As you can see, in this example the table "t" has columns a and b, but not c. So using the vector conditional, you get the where clauses for a and b but not c.
Finally to actually apply this list of output where clauses to the table, you can make use of an over to apply each in turn:
q)l:?[key[filters] in cols[t];(in),'flip (key filters;value filters);count[filters]#()]
q){?[x;$[y~();y;enlist y];0b;()]}/[t;l]
a b
---
1 a
3 c
One thing to note here is that in the where clause of the functional select we need to check if y is an empty list - this is so we can enlist it if it is not an empty list
Hope this helps