I'm working on a inventory system and i had working Crafting system, now i wanted to create RPG like crafting queue where you can click like 3 times on a item and it wil lcraft for you 3 time if you have enough resources, and i started working on it but for some reason, the original crafting system broke, here is what happens when you want to craft something
When you click on Crafting Recipe:
//override Use Function
public override void Use() {
//call AddCraftingItem from Inventory
Inventory.instance.AddCraftingItem(this);
}
AddCraftingItem:
public void AddCraftingItem(CraftinRecipe newCraftingRecipe) {
CraftingQueue.Enqueue(newCraftingRecipe);
if(!isCrafting) {
isCrafting = true;
//start crafting
StartCoroutine(CraftItem());
}
}
CraftItem:
private IEnumerator CraftItem() {
//check if queue is empty
if(CraftingQueue.Count == 0) {
Debug.Log("Queue is empty");
isCrafting = false;
yield break;
}
CraftinRecipe currentRecipe = CraftingQueue.Dequeue();
//check if we have enough resources
//this is where things broke
//CraftItem return false
if(!currentRecipe.CraftItem()) {
//Debug.Log("You don't have enough Resources");
CraftingQueue.Clear();
isCrafting = false;
yield break;
}
Debug.Log("TEST");
yield return new WaitForSeconds(currentRecipe.craftTime * 1.1f);
//add item to inventory
AddItem(currentRecipe.result);
Debug.Log("Added " + currentRecipe.result + " to inventory");
//check if continue crafting
if(CraftingQueue.Count > 0) {
yield return StartCoroutine(CraftItem());
} else {
isCrafting = false;
}
}
CraftItem:
public bool CraftItem() {
if(!CanCraft()) {
//Debug.Log("CanCraft returned false");
return false;
} else {
Debug.Log("CanCraft returned true");
}
RemoveIngredientsFromInventory();
//start crafting
ParentCraftingSlot.StartCrafting();
return true;
}
CanCraft function:
//function that return bool if we can craft the Item
public bool CanCraft() {
//loop trough each ingredient type of ingredient in ingredient
//(don't worry bro i don't understand what i just said too)
foreach(Ingredient ingredient in ingredients) {
//bool if we Contains current Ingredients
//here this function return false
bool ContainsCurrentIngredient = Inventory.instance.ContainsItem(ingredient.item,
ingredient.amount);
//if ContainsCurrentIngredient is false
if(!ContainsCurrentIngredient) {
//we return false
return false;
}
}
//return true
return true;
}
ContainItems (this is where things are broken):
//function that return true or false
//if we have enough Item to craft something
public bool ContainsItem(Item item, int amount) {
//make some variables objects etc
int ItemCounter = 0;
//loop through InventoryItemList with variable i type of Item
//(don't worry i don't know what i just said too #6)
foreach(Item i in InventoryItemList) {
//if i is equal to item
//this is the broken part
if(i == item) {
Debug.Log(i);
Debug.Log(item);
//we add 1 to Item Counter
ItemCounter++;
} else {
Debug.Log("i is not equal to item");
}
}
//if ItemCounter is bigger then or equal to amount
if(ItemCounter >= amount) {
/*Debug.Log("ContainsItem returned true");
Debug.Log(ItemCounter);*/
//we return true
//that means we have enough items to craft something
return true;
} else /*else*/ {
/*Debug.Log("ContainsItem returned false");
Debug.Log(ItemCounter);*/
//we return false
//that means we don't have enough item to craft something
return false;
}
}
so the problem is, in the InventoryItemList there are clones of one item, lets just say i have 2 irons and i need 1 iron to craft something, and my guess is that the problem is that i is clone so its not equal to the item and thats why it doesn't add 1 to itemCounter and then the script thinks we don't have enough resources to craft something, i tried to search and ask some of my friends how to check if that clone is equal to the item and i'm trying to fix this thing for like 2 days, i would love to hear any answers how to fix it or how to make my code more optimal, thanks for reading
Instead of directly checking i == item have some property in Item class which contains information of item type something like following
public class item
{
public enum Type
{
IronBar, GoldBar //etc
}
public Type itemType;
}
Then in your ContainItems() you could use something like
public bool ContainsItem(Item.Type itemType, int amount){
// other code
foreach(Item i in InventoryItemList) {
if(i.itemType == itemType) {
ItemCounter++;
}
// other code
}
Related
I need some help with MVVM architecture.
I have a RecyclerView that receives LiveData and display it perfectly, however, my recyclerView requires another source of Data to customize colors and backgrounds of TextViews. for now I'm using a public list declared in the Mainactivity, But I've read that it's not a good practice.
is it possible to perform a non-live request to database from inside RecyclerView, in order to replace the public list ? if not I would really like some suggestions.
here is my onBindViewHolder:
#Override
public void onBindViewHolder(#NonNull ResultRecyclerViewAdapter.ResultHolder holder, int position) {
Results currentResult = results.get(position);
holder.ston1.setText(currentResult.getSton1());
holder.ston2.setText(String.valueOf(currentResult.getSton2()));
holder.ston1.setBackgroundColor(0xFF12FF45);
holder.ston2.setBackgroundColor(0xFF12FF45);
holder.ston1.getBackground().setAlpha(100);
holder.ston2.getBackground().setAlpha(100);
for (Ston ston: MainActivity.Stons){
if (currentResult.getStonCode().equals(ston.getStonCode()) && currentResult.getStonType().equals(ston.getStonType())){
switch (ston.getStonSelected()) {
case "WADS":
holder.ston1.getBackground().setAlpha(255);
break;
case "WQAS":
holder.ston2.getBackground().setAlpha(255);
break;
}
break;
}
}
holder.ston1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Boolean found = false;
for (Ston ston: MainActivity.Stons){
if (currentResult.getStonCode().equals(ston.getStonCode())){
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
holder.ston1.getBackground().setAlpha(255);
MainActivity.Stons.add(new Stons(currentResult.getStonCode(),"WADS",
currentResult.getStonType()));
}
else {
for (Ston ston : MainActivity.Stons) {
if (currentResult.getStonCode().equals(ston.getStonCode()) && ston.getStonSelected().equals("WADS") &&
ston.getStonType().equals(currentResult.getStonType())){
MainActivity.Stons.remove(ston);
holder.ston1.getBackground().setAlpha(100);
break;
}
}
}
}
});
holder.ston2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Boolean found = false;
for (Ston ston: MainActivity.Stons){
if (currentResult.getStonCode().equals(ston.getStonCode())){
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
holder.ston2.getBackground().setAlpha(255);
MainActivity.Stons.add(new Stons(currentResult.getStonCode(),"WQAS",
currentResult.getStonType()));
}
else {
for (Ston ston : MainActivity.Stons) {
if (currentResult.getStonCode().equals(ston.getStonCode()) && ston.getStonSelected().equals("WQAS") &&
ston.getStonType().equals(currentResult.getStonType())){
MainActivity.Stons.remove(ston);
holder.ston2.getBackground().setAlpha(100);
break;
}
}
}
}
});
One option that I see is to create new type specifically for your recyclerview adapter that will hold both Results object and information that you use for background alpha. So in your activity (or fragment) when livedata observer is triggered you don't directly pass it to adapter, but first create collection of objects of your new type, and then pass it to adapter. And I strongly suggest you to use Kotlin if possible, there you can use collection mapping to map collection from the db to your new type's collection.
This question already has answers here:
How to pass data (and references) between scenes in Unity
(6 answers)
Closed 2 years ago.
I have a name input script in the first scene, the plan is I want to call this input in the second scene, when I enter the name in the first scene, then the name will appear in the second scene too, how do you do that?
public class NamaUser : MonoBehaviour {
public InputField nama;
public Text teks;
public void NamaTeks () {
if (nama.text == "") {
teks.text = "Harap Isi Nama";
} else {
teks.text = "Namaku " + nama.text;
}
}
}
You can save the input's value PlayerPrefs.
Set the PlayerPrefs:
//Name of Pref in first parameter
//Value in second parameter
PlayerPrefs.SetString("value", teks.value);
Get the PlayerPref in second scene:
//Name of Pref in first parameter
//Returns value of PlayerPrefs
String a = PlayerPrefs.SetString("value");
Cons:
You can pass data not only between scenes but also between instances (game sessions).
Easy to manage since Unity handles all background process.
Can be used to store data to track highscores.
Pros:
Uses file system.
Data can easily be changed from prefs file.
Or, another way -- use Singelton and DontDestroyOnLoad()
Allows easy access to fields and saves an object between scenes.
For example use this template, to create your class.
using UnityEngine;
public class Singelton<T> : MonoBehaviour where T : Singelton<T>
{
private static T instance = null;
private bool alive = true;
public static T Instance
{
get
{
if (instance != null)
{
return instance;
}
else
{
//Find T
T[] managers = GameObject.FindObjectsOfType<T>();
if (managers != null)
{
if (managers.Length == 1)
{
instance = managers[0];
DontDestroyOnLoad(instance);
return instance;
}
else
{
if (managers.Length > 1)
{
Debug.LogError($"Have more that one {typeof(T).Name} in scene. " +
"But this is Singelton! Check project.");
for (int i = 0; i < managers.Length; ++i)
{
T manager = managers[i];
Destroy(manager.gameObject);
}
}
}
}
//create
GameObject go = new GameObject(typeof(T).Name, typeof(T));
instance = go.GetComponent<T>();
DontDestroyOnLoad(instance.gameObject);
return instance;
}
}
//Can be initialized externally
set
{
instance = value as T;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Check flag if need work from OnDestroy or OnApplicationExit
/// </summary>
public static bool IsAlive
{
get
{
if (instance == null)
return false;
return instance.alive;
}
}
protected virtual void Awake()
{
if (instance == null)
{
DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);
instance = this as T;
}
else
{
Debug.LogError($"Have more that one {typeof(T).Name} in scene. " +
"But this is Singelton! Check project.");
Destroy(gameObject);
}
}
protected virtual void OnDestroy() { alive = false; }
protected virtual void OnApplicationQuit() { alive = false; }
}
Example of using:
class MyClass Settings : Singelton<Settings>
{
string param;
}
So when writing UI in GTK it's generally preferrable to handle reading of files, etc. in an Async Method. things such as listboxes, are generally bound to a ListModel, the items in the ListBox updated in accordance with the items_changed signal.
So if I have some class, that implements ListModel, and has an add function, and some FileReader that holds a reference to said ListModel, and call add from an async function, how do i make that in essence triggering the items_changed and having GTK update accordingly?
I've tried list.items_changed.connect(message("Items changed!")); but it never triggers.
I saw this: How can one update GTK+ UI in Vala from a long operation without blocking the UI
but in this example, it's just the button label that is changed, no signal is actually triggered.
EDIT: (Codesample added at the request of #Michael Gratton
//Disclaimer: everything here is still very much a work in progress, and will, as soon as I'm confident that what I have is not total crap, be released under some GPL or other open license.
//Note: for the sake of readability, I adopted the C# naming convention for interfaces, namely, putting a capital 'I' in front of them, a decision i do not feel quite as confident in as I did earlier.
//Note: the calls to message(..) was put in here to help debugging
public class AsyncFileContext : Object{
private int64 offset;
private bool start_read;
private bool read_to_end;
private Factories.IVCardFactory factory;
private File file;
private FileMonitor monitor;
private Gee.Set<IVCard> vcard_buffer;
private IObservableSet<IVCard> _vCards;
public IObservableSet<IVCard> vCards {
owned get{
return this._vCards;
}
}
construct{
//We want to start fileops at the beginning of the file
this.offset = (int64)0;
this.start_read = true;
this.read_to_end = false;
this.vcard_buffer = new Gee.HashSet<IVCard>();
this.factory = new Factories.GenericVCardFactory();
}
public void add_vcard(IVCard card){
//TODO: implement
}
public AsyncFileContext(IObservableSet<IVCard> vcards, string path){
this._vCards = vcards;
this._vCards = IObservableSet.wrap_set<IVCard>(new Gee.HashSet<IVCard>());
this.file = File.new_for_path(path);
this.monitor = file.monitor_file(FileMonitorFlags.NONE, null);
message("1");
//TODO: add connect
this.monitor.changed.connect((file, otherfile, event) => {
if(event != FileMonitorEvent.DELETED){
bool changes_done = event == FileMonitorEvent.CHANGES_DONE_HINT;
Idle.add(() => {
read_file_async.begin(changes_done);
return false;
});
}
});
message("2");
//We don't know that changes are done yet
//TODO: Consider carefully how you want this to work when it is NOT called from an event
Idle.add(() => {
read_file_async.begin(false);
return false;
});
}
//Changes done should only be true if the FileMonitorEvent that triggers the call was CHANGES_DONE_HINT
private async void read_file_async(bool changes_done) throws IOError{
if(!this.start_read){
return;
}
this.start_read = false;
var dis = new DataInputStream(yield file.read_async());
message("3");
//If we've been reading this file, and there's then a change, we assume we need to continue where we let off
//TODO: assert that the offset isn't at the very end of the file, if so reset to 0 so we can reread the file
if(offset > 0){
dis.seek(offset, SeekType.SET);
}
string line;
int vcards_added = 0;
while((line = yield dis.read_line_async()) != null){
message("position: %s".printf(dis.tell().to_string()));
this.offset = dis.tell();
message("4");
message(line);
//if the line is empty, we want to jump to next line, and ignore the input here entirely
if(line.chomp().chug() == ""){
continue;
}
this.factory.add_line(line);
if(factory.vcard_ready){
message("creating...");
this.vcard_buffer.add(factory.create());
vcards_added++;
//If we've read-in and created an entire vcard, it's time to yield
message("Yielding...");
Idle.add(() => {
_vCards.add_all(vcard_buffer);
vcard_buffer.remove_all(_vCards);
return false;
});
Idle.add(read_file_async.callback);
yield;
message("Resuming");
}
}
//IF we expect there will be no more writing, or if we expect that we read ALL the vcards, and did not add any, it's time to go back and read through the whole thing again.
if(changes_done){ //|| vcards_added == 0){
this.offset = 0;
}
this.start_read = true;
}
}
//The main idea in this class is to just bind the IObservableCollection's item_added, item_removed and cleared signals to the items_changed of the ListModel. IObservableCollection is a class I have implemented that merely wraps Gee.Collection, it is unittested, and works as intended
public class VCardListModel : ListModel, Object{
private Gee.List<IVCard> vcard_list;
private IObservableCollection<IVCard> vcard_collection;
public VCardListModel(IObservableCollection<IVCard> vcard_collection){
this.vcard_collection = vcard_collection;
this.vcard_list = new Gee.ArrayList<IVCard>.wrap(vcard_collection.to_array());
this.vcard_collection.item_added.connect((vcard) => {
vcard_list.add(vcard);
int pos = vcard_list.index_of(vcard);
items_changed(pos, 0, 1);
});
this.vcard_collection.item_removed.connect((vcard) => {
int pos = vcard_list.index_of(vcard);
vcard_list.remove(vcard);
items_changed(pos, 1, 0);
});
this.vcard_collection.cleared.connect(() => {
items_changed(0, vcard_list.size, 0);
vcard_list.clear();
});
}
public Object? get_item(uint position){
if((vcard_list.size - 1) < position){
return null;
}
return this.vcard_list.get((int)position);
}
public Type get_item_type(){
return Type.from_name("VikingvCardIVCard");
}
public uint get_n_items(){
return (uint)this.vcard_list.size;
}
public Object? get_object(uint position){
return this.get_item((int)position);
}
}
//The IObservableCollection parsed to this classes constructor, is the one from the AsyncFileContext
public class ContactList : Gtk.ListBox{
private ListModel list_model;
public ContactList(IObservableCollection<IVCard> ivcards){
this.list_model = new VCardListModel(ivcards);
bind_model(this.list_model, create_row_func);
list_model.items_changed.connect(() => {
message("Items Changed!");
base.show_all();
});
}
private Gtk.Widget create_row_func(Object item){
return new ContactRow((IVCard)item);
}
}
Heres the way i 'solved' it.
I'm not particularly proud of this solution, but there are a couple of awful things about the Gtk ListBox, one of them being (and this might really be more of a ListModel issue) if the ListBox is bound to a ListModel, the ListBox will NOT be sortable by using the sort method, and to me at least, that is a dealbreaker. I've solved it by making a class which is basically a List wrapper, which has an 'added' signal and a 'remove' signal. Upon adding an element to the list, the added signal is then wired, so it will create a new Row object and add it to the list box. That way, data is control in a manner Similar to ListModel binding. I can not make it work without calling the ShowAll method though.
private IObservableCollection<IVCard> _ivcards;
public IObservableCollection<IVCard> ivcards {
get{
return _ivcards;
}
set{
this._ivcards = value;
foreach(var card in this._ivcards){
base.prepend(new ContactRow(card));
}
this._ivcards.item_added.connect((item) => {
base.add(new ContactRow(item));
base.show_all();
});
base.show_all();
}
}
Even though this is by no means the best code I've come up with, it works very well.
Update: I can't get "Balancing" to work, because I cannot get "doAVLBalance" to recognize the member functions "isBalanced()", "isRightHeavy()", "isLeftHeavy". And I don't know why! I tried Sash's example(3rd answer) exactly but I get "deceleration is incompatible" and I couldn't fix that...so I tried doing it my way...and it tells me those member functions don't exist, when they clearly do.
"Error: class "IntBinaryTree:TreeNode" has no member "isRightHeavy".
I'm stuck after trying for the last 4 hours :(. Updated code below, help would be much appreciated!!
I'm creating a String based Binary Search Tree and need to make it a "Balanced" tree. How do I do this?* Help please!! Thanks in advance!
BinarySearchTree.cpp:
bool IntBinaryTree::leftRotation(TreeNode *root)
{
//TreeNode *nodePtr = root; // Can use nodePtr instead of root, better?
// root, nodePtr, this->?
if(NULL == root)
{return NULL;}
TreeNode *rightOfTheRoot = root->right;
root->right = rightOfTheRoot->left;
rightOfTheRoot->left = root;
return rightOfTheRoot;
}
bool IntBinaryTree::rightRotation(TreeNode *root)
{
if(NULL == root)
{return NULL;}
TreeNode *leftOfTheRoot = root->left;
root->left = leftOfTheRoot->right;
leftOfTheRoot->right = root;
return leftOfTheRoot;
}
bool IntBinaryTree::doAVLBalance(TreeNode *root)
{
if(NULL==root)
{return NULL;}
else if(root->isBalanced()) // Don't have "isBalanced"
{return root;}
root->left = doAVLBalance(root->left);
root->right = doAVLBalance(root->right);
getDepth(root); //Don't have this function yet
if(root->isRightHeavy()) // Don't have "isRightHeavey"
{
if(root->right->isLeftheavey())
{
root->right = rightRotation(root->right);
}
root = leftRotation(root);
}
else if(root->isLeftheavey()) // Don't have "isLeftHeavey"
{
if(root->left->isRightHeavey())
{
root->left = leftRotation(root->left);
}
root = rightRotation(root);
}
return root;
}
void IntBinaryTree::insert(TreeNode *&nodePtr, TreeNode *&newNode)
{
if(nodePtr == NULL)
nodePtr = newNode; //Insert node
else if(newNode->value < nodePtr->value)
insert(nodePtr->left, newNode); //Search left branch
else
insert(nodePtr->right, newNode); //search right branch
}
//
// Displays the number of nodes in the Tree
int IntBinaryTree::numberNodes(TreeNode *root)
{
TreeNode *nodePtr = root;
if(root == NULL)
return 0;
int count = 1; // our actual node
if(nodePtr->left !=NULL)
{ count += numberNodes(nodePtr->left);
}
if(nodePtr->right != NULL)
{
count += numberNodes(nodePtr->right);
}
return count;
}
// Insert member function
void IntBinaryTree::insertNode(string num)
{
TreeNode *newNode; // Poitner to a new node.
// Create a new node and store num in it.
newNode = new TreeNode;
newNode->value = num;
newNode->left = newNode->right = NULL;
//Insert the node.
insert(root, newNode);
}
// More member functions, etc.
BinarySearchTree.h:
class IntBinaryTree
{
private:
struct TreeNode
{
string value; // Value in the node
TreeNode *left; // Pointer to left child node
TreeNode *right; // Pointer to right child node
};
//Private Members Functions
// Removed for shortness
void displayInOrder(TreeNode *) const;
public:
TreeNode *root;
//Constructor
IntBinaryTree()
{ root = NULL; }
//Destructor
~IntBinaryTree()
{ destroySubTree(root); }
// Binary tree Operations
void insertNode(string);
// Removed for shortness
int numberNodes(TreeNode *root);
//int balancedTree(string, int, int); // TreeBalanced
bool leftRotation(TreeNode *root);
bool rightRotation(TreeNode *root);
bool doAVLBalance(TreeNode *root); // void doAVLBalance();
bool isAVLBalanced();
int calculateAndGetAVLBalanceFactor(TreeNode *root);
int getAVLBalanceFactor()
{
TreeNode *nodePtr = root; // Okay to do this? instead of just
// left->mDepth
// right->mDepth
int leftTreeDepth = (left !=NULL) ? nodePtr->left->Depth : -1;
int rightTreeDepth = (right != NULL) ? nodePtr->right->Depth : -1;
return(leftTreeDepth - rightTreeDepth);
}
bool isRightheavey() { return (getAVLBalanceFactor() <= -2); }
bool isLeftheavey() { return (getAVLBalanceFactor() >= 2); }
bool isBalanced()
{
int balanceFactor = getAVLBalanceFactor();
return (balanceFactor >= -1 && balanceFactor <= 1);
}
int getDepth(TreeNode *root); // getDepth
void displayInOrder() const
{ displayInOrder(root); }
// Removed for shortness
};
Programmers use AVL Tree concepts to balance binary trees. It is quite simple. More information can be found online. Quick wiki link
Below is the sample code which does tree balance using AVL algorithm.
Node *BinarySearchTree::leftRotation(Node *root)
{
if(NULL == root)
{
return NULL;
}
Node *rightOfTheRoot = root->mRight;
root->mRight = rightOfTheRoot->mLeft;
rightOfTheRoot->mLeft = root;
return rightOfTheRoot;
}
Node *BinarySearchTree::rightRotation(Node *root)
{
if(NULL == root)
{
return NULL;
}
Node *leftOfTheRoot = root->mLeft;
root->mLeft = leftOfTheRoot->mRight;
leftOfTheRoot->mRight = root;
return leftOfTheRoot;
}
Node *BinarySearchTree::doAVLBalance(Node *root)
{
if(NULL == root)
{
return NULL;
}
else if(root->isBalanced())
{
return root;
}
root->mLeft = doAVLBalance(root->mLeft);
root->mRight = doAVLBalance(root->mRight);
getDepth(root);
if(root->isRightHeavy())
{
if(root->mRight->isLeftHeavy())
{
root->mRight = rightRotation(root->mRight);
}
root = leftRotation(root);
}
else if(root->isLeftHeavy())
{
if(root->mLeft->isRightHeavy())
{
root->mLeft = leftRotation(root->mLeft);
}
root = rightRotation(root);
}
return root;
}
Class Definition
class BinarySearchTree
{
public:
// .. lots of methods
Node *getRoot();
int getDepth(Node *root);
bool isAVLBalanced();
int calculateAndGetAVLBalanceFactor(Node *root);
void doAVLBalance();
private:
Node *mRoot;
};
class Node
{
public:
int mData;
Node *mLeft;
Node *mRight;
bool mHasVisited;
int mDepth;
public:
Node(int data)
: mData(data),
mLeft(NULL),
mRight(NULL),
mHasVisited(false),
mDepth(0)
{
}
int getData() { return mData; }
void setData(int data) { mData = data; }
void setRight(Node *right) { mRight = right;}
void setLeft(Node *left) { mLeft = left; }
Node * getRight() { return mRight; }
Node * getLeft() { return mLeft; }
bool hasLeft() { return (mLeft != NULL); }
bool hasRight() { return (mRight != NULL); }
bool isVisited() { return (mHasVisited == true); }
int getAVLBalanceFactor()
{
int leftTreeDepth = (mLeft != NULL) ? mLeft->mDepth : -1;
int rightTreeDepth = (mRight != NULL) ? mRight->mDepth : -1;
return(leftTreeDepth - rightTreeDepth);
}
bool isRightHeavy() { return (getAVLBalanceFactor() <= -2); }
bool isLeftHeavy() { return (getAVLBalanceFactor() >= 2); }
bool isBalanced()
{
int balanceFactor = getAVLBalanceFactor();
return (balanceFactor >= -1 && balanceFactor <= 1);
}
};
There are many ways to do this, but I'd suggest that you actually not do this as all. If you want to store a BST of strings, there are much better options:
Use a prewritten binary search tree class. The C++ std::set class offers the same time guarantees as a balanced binary search tree and is often implemented as such. It's substantially easier to use than rolling you own BST.
Use a trie instead. The trie data structure is simpler and more efficient than a BST of strings, requires no balancing at all, and is faster than a BST.
If you really must write your own balanced BST, you have many options. Most BST implementations that use balancing are extremely complex and are not for the faint of heart. I'd suggest implementing either a treap or a splay tree, which are two balanced BST structures that are rather simple to implement. They're both more complex than the code you have above and I can't in this short space provide an implementation, but a Wikipedia search for these structures should give you plenty of advice on how to proceed.
Hope this helps!
Unfortunately, we programmers are literal beasts.
make it a "Balanced" tree.
"Balanced" is context dependent. The introductory data structures classes typically refer to a tree being "balanced" when the difference between the node of greatest depth and the node of least depth is minimized. However, as mentioned by Sir Templatetypedef, a splay tree is considered a balancing tree. This is because it can balance trees rather well in cases that few nodes accessed together at one time frequently. This is because it takes less node traversals to get at the data in a splay tree than a conventional binary tree in these cases. On the other hand, its worst-case performance on an access-by-access basis can be as bad as a linked list.
Speaking of linked lists...
Because otherwise without the "Balancing" it's the same as a linked-list I read and defeats the purpose.
It can be as bad, but for randomized inserts it isn't. If you insert already-sorted data, most binary search tree implementations will store data like an bloated and ordered linked list. However, that's only because you're building one side of the tree continually. (Imagine inserting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc... into a binary tree. Try it on paper and see what happens.)
If you have to balance in a theoretical worst-case-must-guaranteed sense, I recommend looking up red-black trees. (Google it, second link is pretty good.)
If you have to balance it in a reasonable way for this particular scenario, I'd go with integer indices and a decent hash function -- that way the balancing will happen probabilistically without any extra code. That is to say, make your comparison function look like hash(strA) < hash(strB) instead of what you've got now. (For a quick but effective hash for this case, look up FNV hashing. First hit on Google. Go down until you see useful code.) You can worry about the details of implementation efficiency if you want to. (For example, you don't have to perform both hashes every single time you compare since one of the strings never changes.)
If you can get away with it, I strongly recommend the latter if you're in a crunch for time and want something fast. Otherwise, red-black trees are worthwhile since they're extremely useful in practice when you need to roll your own height-balanced binary trees.
Finally, addressing your code above, see the comments in the code below:
int IntBinaryTree::numberNodes(TreeNode *root)
{
if(root = NULL) // You're using '=' where you want '==' -- common mistake.
// Consider getting used to putting the value first -- that is,
// "NULL == root". That way if you make that mistake again, the
// compiler will error in many cases.
return 0;
/*
if(TreeNode.left=null && TreeNode.right==null) // Meant to use '==' again.
{ return 1; }
return numberNodes(node.left) + numberNodes(node.right);
*/
int count = 1; // our actual node
if (left != NULL)
{
// You likely meant 'root.left' on the next line, not 'TreeNode.left'.
count += numberNodes(TreeNode.left);
// That's probably the line that's giving you the error.
}
if (right != NULL)
{
count += numberNodes(root.right);
}
return count;
}
I'm just getting to grips with custom validation attributes, and I'm trying to write a custom validation attirbute which will be placed at class level to validate against multiple properties of my model.
I can access all properties on my model, and I want to be able to check for multiple conditions in my IsValid overload, and report on them, having different error messages as follows (simplistic example).
public override bool IsValid(object value)
{
var model = (MyObject) value;
//if this value is set, I don't want to do anything other checks
if (model.Prop3)
{
return true;
}
if (model.Prop1 == "blah" && model.Prop2 == 1)
{
ErrorMessage = "you can't enter blah if prop 2 equals 1";
return false;
}
if(model.Prop1 == "blah blah" && model.Prop2 == 2)
{
ErrorMessage = "you can't enter blah blah if prop 2 equals 2";
return false;
}
return true;
}
But when I do this I get an exception on the first time ErrorMessage is referenced "Cannot set property more than once.
Now I could split up my custom attribute into multiple custom attributes, but hoped there would be a way to do it in one, otherwise, I'll be repeating my "catch all" in each
//if this value is set, I don't want to do anything other checks
if (model.Prop3)
{
return true;
}
I've had a search already, but couldn't find anything, so apologies if I am missing anything obvious.
thanks in advance!
In MVC4 you can override IsValid to return different messages as the ValidationResult
public class StrongPasswordAttribute : ValidationAttribute
{
protected override ValidationResult IsValid(object value, ValidationContext context)
{
if (value == null)
return new ValidationResult("Password is required");
var val = value.ToString();
if (!Regex.Match(val, #"^(?=.*[a-z]).{0,}$").Success)
{
return new ValidationResult("Password must contain at least one lower case letter");
}
if (!Regex.Match(val, #"^(?=.*[A-Z]).{0,}$").Success)
{
return new ValidationResult("Password must contain at least one UPPER case letter");
}
if (!Regex.Match(val, #"^(?=.*\d).{0,}$").Success)
{
return new ValidationResult("Password must contain at least one number");
}
return ValidationResult.Success;
}
}
Interesting question! I can think of two work-arounds to this. So not proper solutions based on what you want but they might help to re-use your code. Cant you create a CustomAttribute abstract class called MyCustomAttribute (or something) that overrides IsValid in the following way:
public override bool IsValid(object value)
{
var model = (MyObject) value;
//if this value is set, I don't want to do anything other checks
if (model.Prop3)
{
return true;
}
CustomValidate(model);
}
CustomValidate(MyObject model) is your abstract method then, you can write multiple custom attribute classes that extend MyCustomAttribute and purely need to implement the validation logic for A particular scenario.
So you can have two classes:
public class BlahCustomAttribute : MyCustomAttribute
{
public override Boolean CustomValidate(MyObject obj)
{
if (model.Prop1 == "blah" && model.Prop2 == 1)
{
ErrorMessage = "you can't enter blah if prop 2 equals 1";
return false;
}
}
}
public class BlahBlahCustomAttribute : MyCustomAttribute
{
public override Boolean CustomValidate(MyObject obj)
{
if (model.Prop1 == "blah" && model.Prop2 == 1)
{
ErrorMessage = "you can't enter blah blah if prop 2 equals 1";
return false;
}
}
}
Hope this helps - not exactly what you wanted but will do the job and its clean as well.
The other solution is to comma-separate the error messages in the ErrorMessage property and handle it in the front-end (but I would go with the first approach).