Mutating Struct property with asynchronous function - swift

Question

I have the following Struct that I want to initialize, and then use its method query() to mutate its result property.
Query() sends and fetches JSON data, then decodes it to a String. When I declare query() as a mutating function, I receive the error "Escaping closure captures mutating 'self' parameter" in my URLSession.
What do I need to change?
The call:
var translation = Translate(string: "hello", base: "en", target: "de", result: "")
translation.query()
let translated = translation.result
The struct:
struct Translate {
let string: String, base: String, target: String
var result: String
mutating func query() {
let body: [String: String] = ["q": self.string, "source": self.base, "target": self.target]
let bodyData = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: body)
guard let url = URL(string: "https://libretranslate.com/translate") else { return }
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "POST"
request.httpBody = bodyData
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
guard let data = data, error == nil else {
print(error?.localizedDescription ?? "No data")
return
}
DispatchQueue.main.async {
let responseJSON = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
if let responseJSON = responseJSON as? [String: Any] {
if responseJSON["translatedText"] != nil {
self.result = responseJSON["translatedText"] as! String
}
}
}
return
}
.resume()
}
}
Xcode error:

Answer 1

There are many issues in the code.
The most significant issue is that the URLRequest is asynchronous. Even if no error occurred result will be always empty.
You have to add a completion handler – it fixes the errors you got by the way – and it's highly recommended to handle all errors.
Instead of JSONSerialization the code uses JSONDe/Encoder
struct Translation : Decodable { let translatedText : String }
struct Translate {
let string: String, base: String, target: String
func query(completion: #escaping (Result<String,Error>) -> Void) {
let body: [String: String] = ["q": self.string, "source": self.base, "target": self.target]
do {
let bodyData = try JSONEncoder().encode(body)
let url = URL(string: "https://libretranslate.com/translate")!
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "POST"
request.httpBody = bodyData
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
if let error = error { completion(.failure(error)); return }
completion( Result{ try JSONDecoder().decode(Translation.self, from: data!).translatedText} )
}
.resume()
} catch {
completion(.failure(error))
}
}
}
let translation = Translate(string: "hello", base: "en", target: "de")
translation.query() { result in
DispatchQueue.main.async {
switch result {
case .success(let translated): print(translated)
case .failure(let error): print(error)
}
}
}
Both exclamation marks (!) are safe.