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I have a list of list in Scala such as:
val lst = List(List(60, 0, 1, 2, 3, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0), List(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), List(47, 0, 1, 1, 2, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0))
and I want to remove all zero rows and the result should be like:
List(List(60, 0, 1, 2, 3, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0), List(47, 0, 1, 1, 2, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0))
Does Scala list have any built-in method to remove these rows?
You can use filter to keep only items (lists) matching a predicate; The predicate can use exists to check for non-zero elements:
lst.filter(_.exists(_ != 0))
#Tzach Zohar answer is perfectly fine but here is another way to approach it.
scala> lst.filterNot(xs => xs.forall(_ == 0))
res0: List[List[Int]] = List(
List(60, 0, 1, 2, 3, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0),
List(47, 0, 1, 1, 2, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0)
)
I create a level an array of int's. This is the code:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class Level1 : MonoBehaviour
{
int[][] level = new int[][]
{
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
new int[] { 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16}
};
public Transform tile00;
public Transform tile16;
public Transform tile38;
int rows = 12;
int cols = 32;
void Start ()
{
BuildLevel ();
}
void BuildLevel(){
int i, j;
GameObject dynamicParent = GameObject.Find ("DynamicObjects");
for(i=0; i<rows; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<cols; j++)
{
Transform toCreate = null;
Debug.Log (i + " , " + j + " " + level[i][j]);
if (level[i][j] == 0)
toCreate = tile00;
if (level[i][j] == 83)
toCreate = tile38;;
if (level[i][j] == 16)
toCreate = tile16;
Vector3 v3 = new Vector3(16-j, 6-i, 0);
Transform newObject = Instantiate(toCreate, v3, Quaternion.identity) as Transform;
newObject.parent = dynamicParent.transform;
}
}
}
}
The output screen is like that:
The tiles are 50 X 50. I changed the dimensions of tiles, I changed the positions on X and Y. I tried everything but I found no solution.Could you give me an ideea, please ?
For the horizontal tiles the layout I want to obtain is (the image is processed with paint) :
The most likely answer is because of this line
Vector3 v3 = new Vector3(16-j, 6-i, 0);
You say that your images are 50 x 50 px each. Assuming that you haven't changed the pixels to units property of your sprite, this would make each of these image occupy a space of 0.5 Unity units on both the X & Y axes.
Now, in your calculation, here's what is happening.
Iteration 1 - (i = 0, j = 0). Position = Vector3(16, 6, 0)
Iteration 2 - (i = 0, j = 1). Position = Vector3(15, 6, 0)...
Iteration 33 -(i = 1, j = 0). Position = Vector3(16, 5, 0)
Now, the difference in the X values between Iteration 1 & Iteration 2 is 1 Unity unit. We've already established earlier that these Sprites will occupy only 0.5 Unity unit due to their size.
Same thing along the Y axis for Iteration 1 & Iteration 33. A difference of 1 unit, with each image occupying only 0.5 units.
So, either change the image to be 100 x 100 px, or change the pixels to units
1)Why the variable length in my sample code are not 62 after calculate ? It's
seems every time the condition is satisfied,but enter the condition,
the number "length not be added every single time.
2)If I don't use concurrency::array length(1, 1, &V[0]); to save counter
but using tile_static int, the length is also wrong.
//if my 8 x 8 local data are:
//cache[TS][TS]
//{
// -69, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
// 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
//}
My sample code:
void sample()
{
std::vector<int> V;
V.push_back(0);
concurrency::array<int, 2> length(1, 1, &V[0]);
const int TS = 8;
concurrency::parallel_for_each(data.extent.tile<TS, TS>(), [=, &length](tiled_index<TS, TS> index) restrict(amp)
{
const int row = index.local[0];
const int col = index.local[1];
//tile_static int length; ---------2)
tile_static int cache[TS][TS];
cache[row][col] = data[index.global];
index.barrier.wait();
if (cache[row][col] == 0)
{
//length++; -------------------2)
length[0][0] = length[0][0] + 1;
}
});
}
std::vector<int> V;
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
V.push_back(0);
concurrency::array_view<int, 1> AC_count(256, &V[0]);
const int TS = 8;
concurrency::parallel_for_each(data.extent.tile<TS, TS>(), [=, &length](tiled_index<TS, TS> index) restrict(amp)
{
const int row = index.local[0];
const int col = index.local[1];
tile_static int cache[TS][TS];
cache[row][col] = data[index.global];
index.barrier.wait();
if (cache[row][col] == 0)
{
atomic_fetch_add(&AC_count[0], 1);
}
});
}
The problem is to search among a few pages of text for an exclamation point concurrently and as soon as any of the threads finds it, all the other threads should stop searching.
Code:
object AntiVolatile {
val pages = for (i <- 1 to 15) yield new Page("!Na" * rand.nextInt(1000) + " Batman!", -1)
var found = Some(false)
def run(): Unit = {
for (p <- pages) yield thread {
var i = 0
var foundInThread = found.get
while (i < p.txt.length && !foundInThread)
if (p.txt(i) == '!') {
found.synchronized {
found match {
case Some(true) => foundInThread = true
case Some(false) => {
p.position = i
found = Some(true)
Thread.sleep(1)
}
case _ =>
}
}
} else i += 1
// if still not found, wait for another thread to find it.
def wait(): Unit = {
found match {
case Some(false) => wait()
case _ =>
}
}
wait()
log(s"results: ${pages.map(_.position)}")
}
}
}
It seems to work ok:
Thread-29: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-27: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-28: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-26: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-30: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-31: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-32: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-25: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-33: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-34: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-39: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-38: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-37: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-36: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
Thread-35: results: Vector(0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1)
But then I realized that found is not a constant instance because it's reassign to a new Option object later. (Why does the code actually work?)
So I came up with a fix:
object AntiVolatile {
case class Found(var isFound: Boolean)
val pages = for (i <- 1 to 15) yield new Page("!Na" * rand.nextInt(1000) + " Batman!", -1)
val found = Found(false)
def run(): Unit = {
for (p <- pages) yield thread {
var i = 0
var foundInThread = found.isFound
while (i < p.txt.length && !foundInThread)
if (p.txt(i) == '!') {
found.synchronized {
found match {
case Found(true) => foundInThread = true
case Found(false) => {
p.position = i
found.isFound = true
Thread.sleep(1)
}
case _ =>
}
}
} else i += 1
// if still not found, wait for another thread to find it.
def wait(): Unit = {
found match {
case Found(false) => wait()
case _ =>
}
}
wait()
log(s"results: ${pages.map(_.position)}")
}
}
}
These two versions seem to behave the same, why? I would expect some bug cropping up in the first version.
Link to github repo: https://github.com/kindlychung/learnConcurrentScala/blob/master/src/main/scala/org/learningconcurrency/ch2/Ch2.scala
It is not entirely clear if you are interested in learning concurrency or if you are solving an actual problem. With that being said, I am going to assume that you are attempting to solve the problem.
Why not use Futures?
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration
import scala.concurrent.{ExecutionContext, Await, Future}
import scala.util.Random
import ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
object Main extends App {
case class Page(number: Int, text: String)
val pages = for (i <- 1 to 15) yield Page(i, "!Na" * Random.nextInt(1000) + " Batman! ")
val searchFutures = pages.map { p => Future {
val position = p.text.indexOf("!")
s"Exclamation mark found on page ${p.number} at position: $position"
}}
val firstCompleted = Future.firstCompletedOf(searchFutures)
val result = Await.result(firstCompleted, Duration(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
println(result)
}
When I type something into the Scala interactive console, the console prints the result of the statement. If the result is too long, the console crops it (scroll right to see it):
scala> Array.fill[Byte](5)(0)
res1: Array[Byte] = Array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
scala> Array.fill[Byte](500)(0)
res2: Array[Byte] = Array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...
scala> "a"*5000
res3: String = aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa...
How can I print the same or equivalent output, for any given object (not just a collection or array) without the cropping occurring?
The result is not "cropped", simply println is invoking java.lang.Arrays.toString() (since scala.Array is a Java array).
Specifically, Arrays defines a toString overload that works with Object, which calls the toString implementation of java.lang.Object on every element. Such implementation prints the reference of the object, so you end up with
[Lscala.Tuple2;#4de71ca9
which is an Array containing the reference 4de71ca9 to a scala.Tuple2 object.
That has been discussed in this ticket years ago.
In the specific case of arrays, you can simply do
println(x.mkString("\n"))
or
x foreach println
or
println(x.deep)
Update
To answer your last edit, you can set the maximum lenght of the strings printed by the REPL
scala> :power
** Power User mode enabled - BEEP WHIR GYVE **
** :phase has been set to 'typer'. **
** scala.tools.nsc._ has been imported **
** global._, definitions._ also imported **
** Try :help, :vals, power.<tab> **
scala> vals.isettings.maxPrintString = Int.MaxValue
vals.isettings.maxPrintString: Int = 2147483647
try this
scala> :power
Power mode enabled. :phase is at typer.
import scala.tools.nsc._, intp.global._, definitions._
Try :help or completions for vals._ and power._
scala> vals.isettings.maxPrintString
res9: Int = 800
scala> vals.isettings.maxPrintString = 10000
vals.isettings.maxPrintString: Int = 10000
try
x map println
or
x foreach println