I am trying to implement a Rocket chip SoC design; the SoC design will generate an AXI memory port by default. But I want to use the AHB memory port, and the Rocket chip doesn't have any configs for that. Has someone already done that?
thanks
Similar to the AXI4MemPort in subsystem/Ports.scala the general idea is to instantiate an AHBSinkNode and connecting to it through a TLToAHB widget.
trait CanHaveAhbMemPort { this: BaseSubsystem =>
private val memPortParamsOpt = p(AhbExtMem) // could also add a parameter to switch between axi/ahb
private val portName = "ahb"
private val device = new MemoryDevice
private val idBits = memPortParamsOpt.map(_.master.idBits).getOrElse(1)
val memAhbNode = AHBSlaveSinkNode( memPortParamsOpt.map({ case MemoryPortParams(memPortParams, nMemoryChannels) =>
Seq.tabulate(nMemoryChannels) { channel =>
val base = AddressSet.misaligned(memPortParams.base, memPortParams.size)
val filter = AddressSet(channel * mbus.blockBytes, ~((nMemoryChannels-1) * mbus.blockBytes))
AHBSlavePortParameters(
Seq(AHBSlaveParameters(
address = base.flatMap(_.intersect(filter)),
resources = device.reg,
regionType = RegionType.UNCACHED
executable = executable,
supportsRead = TransferSizes(1, memPortParams.beatBytes * AHBParameters.maxTransfer),
supportsWrite = TransferSizes(1, memPortParams.beatBytes * AHBParameters.maxTransfer))),
beatBytes = memPortParams.beatBytes,
lite = false)
}
}).toList.flatten)
mbus.coupleTo(s"memory_controller_port_named_$portName") {
(memAhbNode
:*= TLToAHB()
:*= TLWidthWidget(mbus.beatBytes)
:*= _)
}
Note:
I haven't tested this. This hopefully illustrated the general idea for how to swap out the mem port with AHB. There may need to be some experimentation as far as parameters and widget use goes. Hopefully, a future answer or an edit this answer can reflect the results of any testing or experience with this conversion.
Related
I have an easy task to accomplish: read a password from a command line prompt without exposing it. I know that there is java.io.Console.readPassword, however, there are times when you cannot access console as if you are running your app from an IDE (such as IntelliJ).
I stumbled upon this Password Masking in the Java Programming Language tutorial, which looks nice, but I fail to implement it in Scala. So far my solution is:
class EraserThread() extends Runnable {
private var stop = false
override def run(): Unit = {
stop = true
while ( stop ) {
System.out.print("\010*")
try
Thread.sleep(1)
catch {
case ie: InterruptedException =>
ie.printStackTrace()
}
}
}
def stopMasking(): Unit = {
this.stop = false
}
}
val et = new EraserThread()
val mask = new Thread(et)
mask.start()
val password = StdIn.readLine("Password: ")
et.stopMasking()
When I start this snippet I get a continuos printing of asterisks on new lines. E.g.:
*
*
*
*
Is there any specific in Scala why this is not working? Or is there any better way to do this in Scala in general?
I have a Raspberry Pi 3B and Suptronics X920 Expansion Board which uses PCM5122 DAC. So I'm having trouble playing sounds through that board.
The config file is default except for the display configuration part:
kernel=u-boot-dtok.bin
framebuffer_depth=16
# Prevent the firmware from loading HAT overlays now that we handle pin muxing.
# ourselves. See:
# https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/device-tree.md#part3.4
dtoverlay=
dtparam=i2c_arm=on
dtparam=spi=on
dtparam=audio=on
# pwm and I2S are mutually-exclusive since they share hardware clocks.
dtoverlay=pwm-2chan-with-clk,pin=18,func=2,pin2=13,func2=4
dtoverlay=generic-i2s
start_x=1
# Tell U-boot to always use the "serial0" interface for the console, which is
# set to whichever uart (uart0 or uart1) is set to the header pins. This doesn't
# interfere with the uart selected for Bluetooth.
dtoverlay=chosen-serial0
# Enable skip-init on the UART interfaces, so U-Boot doesn't attempt to
# re-initialize them.
dtoverlay=rpi-uart-skip-init
# Add pin devices to the system for use by the runtime pin configuration driver.
dtoverlay=runtimepinconfig
dtoverlay=uart1
dtoverlay=bcm2710-rpi-3-b-spi0-pin-reorder
# Tell the I2S driver to use the cprman clock.
dtoverlay=bcm2710-rpi-3-b-i2s-use-cprman
# Uncomment to disable serial port on headers, use GPIO14 and GPIO15
# as gpios and to allow the core_freq to change at runtime.
enable_uart=1
core_freq=400
# Support official RPi display.
dtoverlay=i2c-rtc,ds3231
dtoverlay=rpi-ft5406
hdmi_force_hotplug=1
# Set framebuffer to support RGBA colors.
framebuffer_swap=0
# Waveshare display settings
max_usb_current=1
hdmi_group=2
hdmi_mode=87
hdmi_cvt 1024 600 60 6 0 0 0
hdmi_drive=1
This is the code for playing a sound file:
fun playSound(file: File) {
val audioEncoding = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT
val sampleRate = 16000
val audioOutputFormat = AudioFormat.Builder()
.setChannelMask(AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_MONO)
.setEncoding(audioEncoding)
.setSampleRate(16000)
.build()
val audioOutputBufferSize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(sampleRate, audioOutputFormat.channelMask, audioEncoding)
val audioOutputDevice = findAudioDevice(AudioManager.GET_DEVICES_OUTPUTS, AudioDeviceInfo.TYPE_BUS)
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
.setAudioFormat(audioOutputFormat)
.setBufferSizeInBytes(audioOutputBufferSize)
.setTransferMode(AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM)
.build()
audioTrack.preferredDevice = audioOutputDevice
val buffer = ByteArray(audioOutputBufferSize)
audioTrack.play()
audioTrack.setVolume(1f)
val stream = file.inputStream().buffered()
try {
while (stream.read(buffer) > 0) {
val out = audioTrack.write(buffer, 0, buffer.size, AudioTrack.WRITE_BLOCKING)
d { "audioTrack.write = $out" }
}
} catch (error: Throwable) {
e(error) { "Error playing audio $file" }
} finally {
stream.close()
}
audioTrack.stop()
audioTrack.release()
}
private fun findAudioDevice(deviceFlag: Int, deviceType: Int): AudioDeviceInfo? {
val manager = getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE) as AudioManager
val adis = manager.getDevices(deviceFlag)
for (adi in adis) {
if (adi.type == deviceType) {
return adi
}
}
return null
}
I've tested the code with a regular Raspberry Pi audio output (which is AudioDeviceInfo.TYPE_BUILTIN_SPEAKER) and it works ok. But with AudioDeviceInfo.TYPE_BUS it just produces no sound without any errors.
I tried various config options like dtoverlay=hifiberry or dtoverlay=hifiberry-dacplus with no luck.
Please help.
It looks like you might be using some of the code for the Google Assistant sample, and you are correct to assume that TYPE_BUS is what you need to enable the audio routes to use the I2S bus instead of the built-in audio jack.
However, that is likely not the whole story. The DAC likely requires additional configuration commands and/or external triggers. Looking at a similar HAT with the same DAC, for example, there is an I2C bus connection as well for DAC setup commands. Our Assistant sample uses the VoiceHAT driver to accomplish the additional triggering required by the DAC on that peripheral.
In Raspbian, the driver you enable via dtoverlay likely takes care of both pieces. Here, your code will need to manage the setup bits manually. Look at how the VoiceHAT driver is used in the Assistant sample as an example of this.
Also, make sure you are not enabling any of the I2S pins as either GPIO or PWM, as this will disable the audio route per the documentation.
Side Note: Android Things does not support making kernel changes via config.txt, so adding drivers there is expected not to have any effect.
It's been awhile since I figured this out, so I'm posting the code that working for me so that others spend less time buried in manuals.
After I've spent a few hours reading through the manual and frowning on the board's schematic, I figured out that the PCM5122 chip needs some preconfiguration.
It turns out that this chip has a complex clocking scheme. From the datasheet:
The serial audio interface typically has 4 connections: SCK (system master clock), BCK (bit clock), LRCK (left
right word clock), and DIN (data). The device has an internal PLL that is used to take either SCK or BCK and
create the higher rate clocks required by the interpolating processor and the DAC clock. This allows the device to
operate with or without an external SCK.
So, long story short, the chip's PLL operation depends on what pin is physically wired to the Raspberry board - SCK, BCK or both:
In my case it was BCK. We need to select PLL clock source with 13th register:
With all that explained, I'll post the full driver I've used with some additional configuration. All the information you can find in the linked manual. Hope it helps.
class SuptronicsX920AudioDevice private constructor(
private val busDevice: AudioDeviceInfo,
private val i2cDevice: I2cDevice) : AudioDevice {
private var audioTrack: AudioTrack? = null
private var leftVolume = 1f
private var rightVolume = 1f
companion object {
private const val ERROR_DETECT_REG = 37
private const val ERROR_DETECT_IDCM_BIT = 3
private const val PLL_SOURCE_REG = 13
private const val PLL_SOURCE_BCK_BIT = 4
private const val AUTO_MUTE_REG = 65
private const val DIGITAL_VOLUME_LEFT_REG = 61
private const val DIGITAL_VOLUME_RIGHT_REG = 62
fun create(busDevice: AudioDeviceInfo, i2cDevice: I2cDevice): Either<IOException, SuptronicsX920AudioDevice> {
return try {
// Ignore BCK\SCK missing errors as they turn device into Power down mode
riseRegBit(i2cDevice, ERROR_DETECT_REG, ERROR_DETECT_IDCM_BIT)
// Select BCK as the source for PLL
riseRegBit(i2cDevice, PLL_SOURCE_REG, PLL_SOURCE_BCK_BIT)
// Disable auto mute for both channels
i2cDevice.writeRegByte(AUTO_MUTE_REG, 0)
// Set the maximum gain for both channels
i2cDevice.writeRegByte(DIGITAL_VOLUME_LEFT_REG, 0)
i2cDevice.writeRegByte(DIGITAL_VOLUME_RIGHT_REG, 0)
SuptronicsX920AudioDevice(busDevice, i2cDevice).right()
} catch (ioe: IOException) {
e(ioe) { "Unable to configure PCM512x for Suptronics x920" }
ioe.left()
}
}
private fun riseRegBit(i2cDevice: I2cDevice, regAddress: Int, bitAddress: Int) {
val value = i2cDevice.readRegByte(regAddress)
i2cDevice.writeRegByte(regAddress, value or (1 shl bitAddress).toByte())
}
}
override fun play(stream: InputStream, audioFormat: AudioFormat) {
val audioOutputBufferSize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(
audioFormat.sampleRate,
audioFormat.channelMask,
audioFormat.encoding)
val buffer = ByteArray(audioOutputBufferSize)
audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
.setAudioFormat(audioFormat)
.setBufferSizeInBytes(audioOutputBufferSize)
.setTransferMode(AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM)
.build()
audioTrack?.apply {
preferredDevice = busDevice
setStereoVolume(leftVolume, rightVolume)
play()
var bytes = 0
try {
while (stream.read(buffer) > 0) {
bytes += write(buffer, 0, buffer.size, AudioTrack.WRITE_BLOCKING)
}
} catch (error: Throwable) {
e(error) { "Error playing audio" }
}
d { "$bytes of audio track written" }
}
stop()
audioTrack = null
}
override fun stop() {
audioTrack?.apply {
if (state != AudioTrack.STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
try {
pause()
flush()
release()
d { "Audio stopped" }
} catch (error: Throwable) {
e(error) { "Can't stop track properly" }
}
}
}
}
override fun setVolume(leftVolume: Float, rightVolume: Float) {
this.leftVolume = leftVolume
this.rightVolume = rightVolume
audioTrack?.apply { setStereoVolume(leftVolume, rightVolume) }
}
override fun close() {
stop()
i2cDevice.close()
}
}
im create a API using scala and library Spray.IO. my API, search into elasticsearch.
my questions is also related with question.
var klt:TransportClient = EsClient_08012017.klien1
var arg = Array(JsObject(Map("id"->JsString("-1"), "item" -> JsString("-1"), "score"-> JsString("-1"))))
if(cariIndex(namaIndexCari)==true && cariIndex(namaIndexCari+"_2")==true)
{
if(hitungJumlahIndex(namaIndexCari) > hitungJumlahIndex(namaIndexCari+"_2"))
{
val ar = ambilRekomendasi(idPenggunaCari, namaTipeCari, namaIndexCari, jumlah, false)
val atd = acakTanpaDuplikat(ar)
arg = parsingJsObject(atd)
}
else
{
val ar = ambilRekomendasi(idPenggunaCari, namaTipeCari, namaIndexCari+"_2", jumlah, false)
val atd = acakTanpaDuplikat(ar)
arg = parsingJsObject(atd)
}
}
else
{
val ar = ambilRekomendasi(idPenggunaCari, namaTipeCari, namaIndexCari, jumlah, false)
val atd = acakTanpaDuplikat(ar)
arg = parsingJsObject(atd)
}
klt.close()
arg
for 1st time, hit API its fine. but, the 2nd hit API im get some error
None of the configured nodes are available: [{#transport#-1}{127.0.0.1}{127.0.0.1:9300}]
what i want to achieve are, each of hit API its also like close connection to ES and open connection. but, the reference link said "it's okay without close connections". thanks for help, or link, or reference!
Never close it unless you are closing your application
There's sometime I must be missing about neo4j 3.0 embedded. After creating a node, setting some properties, and marking the transaction as success. I then re-open the DB, but there are no nodes in it! What am I missing here? The neo4j documentation is pretty poor.
val graph1 = {
val graphDb = new GraphDatabaseFactory()
.newEmbeddedDatabase(new File("/opt/neo4j/deviceGraphTest" ))
val tx = graphDb.beginTx()
val node = graphDb.createNode()
node.setProperty("name", "kitchen island")
node.setProperty("bulbType", "incandescent")
tx.success()
graphDb.shutdown()
}
val graph2 = {
val graphDb2 = new GraphDatabaseFactory()
.newEmbeddedDatabase(new File("/opt/neo4j/deviceGraphTest" ))
val tx2 = graphDb2.beginTx()
val allNodes = graphDb2.getAllNodes.iterator().toList
allNodes.foreach(node => {
printNode(node)
})
}
The transaction what you have opened has to be closed with the command tx.close() after setting the transaction to state success. I do not know the exact scala syntax but it would be good to put the full block into a try/catch and to finally close the transaction in the finally block.
Here is the documentation for Java: https://neo4j.com/docs/java-reference/current/javadocs/org/neo4j/graphdb/Transaction.html
So I was reading tutorial about akka and came across this http://manuel.bernhardt.io/2014/04/23/a-handful-akka-techniques/ and I think he explained it pretty well, I just picked up scala recently and having difficulties with the tutorial above,
I wonder what is the difference between RoundRobinRouter and the current RoundRobinRouterLogic? Obviously the implementation is quite different.
Previously the implementation of RoundRobinRouter is
val workers = context.actorOf(Props[ItemProcessingWorker].withRouter(RoundRobinRouter(100)))
with processBatch
def processBatch(batch: List[BatchItem]) = {
if (batch.isEmpty) {
log.info(s"Done migrating all items for data set $dataSetId. $totalItems processed items, we had ${allProcessingErrors.size} errors in total")
} else {
// reset processing state for the current batch
currentBatchSize = batch.size
allProcessedItemsCount = currentProcessedItemsCount + allProcessedItemsCount
currentProcessedItemsCount = 0
allProcessingErrors = currentProcessingErrors ::: allProcessingErrors
currentProcessingErrors = List.empty
// distribute the work
batch foreach { item =>
workers ! item
}
}
}
Here's my implementation of RoundRobinRouterLogic
var mappings : Option[ActorRef] = None
var router = {
val routees = Vector.fill(100) {
mappings = Some(context.actorOf(Props[Application3]))
context watch mappings.get
ActorRefRoutee(mappings.get)
}
Router(RoundRobinRoutingLogic(), routees)
}
and treated the processBatch as such
def processBatch(batch: List[BatchItem]) = {
if (batch.isEmpty) {
println(s"Done migrating all items for data set $dataSetId. $totalItems processed items, we had ${allProcessingErrors.size} errors in total")
} else {
// reset processing state for the current batch
currentBatchSize = batch.size
allProcessedItemsCount = currentProcessedItemsCount + allProcessedItemsCount
currentProcessedItemsCount = 0
allProcessingErrors = currentProcessingErrors ::: allProcessingErrors
currentProcessingErrors = List.empty
// distribute the work
batch foreach { item =>
// println(item.id)
mappings.get ! item
}
}
}
I somehow cannot run this tutorial, and it's stuck at the point where it's iterating the batch list. I wonder what I did wrong.
Thanks
In the first place, you have to distinguish diff between them.
RoundRobinRouter is a Router that uses round-robin to select a connection.
While
RoundRobinRoutingLogic uses round-robin to select a routee
You can provide own RoutingLogic (it has helped me to understand how Akka works under the hood)
class RedundancyRoutingLogic(nbrCopies: Int) extends RoutingLogic {
val roundRobin = RoundRobinRoutingLogic()
def select(message: Any, routees: immutable.IndexedSeq[Routee]): Routee = {
val targets = (1 to nbrCopies).map(_ => roundRobin.select(message, routees))
SeveralRoutees(targets)
}
}
link on doc http://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/2.3.3/scala/routing.html
p.s. this doc is very clear and it has helped me the most
Actually I misunderstood the method, and found out the solution was to use RoundRobinPool as stated in http://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/2.3-M2/project/migration-guide-2.2.x-2.3.x.html
For example RoundRobinRouter has been renamed to RoundRobinPool or
RoundRobinGroup depending on which type you are actually using.
from
val workers = context.actorOf(Props[ItemProcessingWorker].withRouter(RoundRobinRouter(100)))
to
val workers = context.actorOf(RoundRobinPool(100).props(Props[ItemProcessingWorker]), "router2")