PostgreSQL comes with below built-in schemas
postgres=# select catalog_name, schema_name, schema_owner
postgres-# from information_schema.schemata
postgres-# order by schema_name;
catalog_name | schema_name | schema_owner
--------------+--------------------+--------------
postgres | information_schema | postgres
postgres | pg_catalog | postgres
postgres | pg_toast | postgres
postgres | public | postgres
(4 rows)
EDB Postgres Advanced Server has 4 additional ones
postgres=# select catalog_name, schema_name, schema_owner
postgres-# from information_schema.schemata
postgres-# order by schema_name;
catalog_name | schema_name | schema_owner
--------------+--------------------+--------------
postgres | information_schema | enterprisedb
postgres | pg_catalog | enterprisedb
postgres | pg_temp_1 | enterprisedb
postgres | pg_toast | enterprisedb
postgres | pg_toast_temp_1 | enterprisedb
postgres | public | enterprisedb
postgres | sys | enterprisedb
(7 rows)
In particular I'm interested in information_schema and sys schemas but they are not visible in object browser.
I presume that might be an issue with permission or with connection settings or with something else...
Is there any way to make those schemas visible in object browser along with corresponding objects?
They are under the catalogs section
Related
From terminal, I
sudo su postgres
psql
\l:
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
nwnx | nwnx | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)
But when trying to connect to it:
\c nwnx:
FATAL: database "nwnx" does not exist
Previous connection kept
quote_ident:
postgres=# select quote_ident(datname) from pg_database;
quote_ident
-------------
postgres
template1
template0
nwnx
(4 rows)
dumpall:
pg_dumpall --schema-only | grep '\connect'
\connect template1
pg_dump: [archiver (db)] connection to database "nwnx" failed: FATAL: database "nwnx" does not exist
pg_dumpall: pg_dump failed on database "nwnx", exiting
Creation script:
pg_dumpall --schema-only | grep -i database
-- PostgreSQL database cluster dump
-- PostgreSQL database dump
-- Dumped from database version 11.5
-- PostgreSQL database dump complete
pg_dump: [archiver (db)] connection to database "nwnx" failed: FATAL: database "nwnx" does not exist
pg_dumpall: pg_dump failed on database "nwnx", exiting
Connecting as nwnx user
$: psql postgres -U nwnx
psql (11.5)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=> \conninfo
You are connected to database "postgres" as user "nwnx" via socket in "/run/postgresql" at port "5432".
postgres=> \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
nwnx | nwnx | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)
postgres=> \c nwnx
FATAL: database "nwnx" does not exist
Previous connection kept
WORKING SOLUTION BY #laurenz-albe:
Showing all dbs
postgres=# select oid, datname, datname::bytea FROM pg_database;
oid | datname | datname
-------+-----------+----------------------
13121 | postgres | \x706f737467726573
1 | template1 | \x74656d706c61746531
13120 | template0 | \x74656d706c61746530
59515 | nwnx | \x6e776e78
(4 rows)
Checking if nwnx is omitted (had to use alias for datname)
postgres=# SELECT oid, datname dn, datname::bytea FROM pg_database ORDER BY dn;
oid | dn | datname
-------+-----------+----------------------
13121 | postgres | \x706f737467726573
13120 | template0 | \x74656d706c61746530
1 | template1 | \x74656d706c61746531
(3 rows)
I followed the instructions from the solution and it worked perfectly! Thank you very much!
Postgres version is 11.5
Any hints on what I'm doing wrong or whats going on?
That looks a lot like database corruption, in particular like the index pg_database_datname_index (which is used in GetDatabaseTuple()) got corrupted.
To be sure, try the following:
-- should show all databases
SELECT oid, datname, datname::bytea FROM pg_database;
SET enable_seqscan = off;
-- should omit database "nwnx"
SELECT oid, datname, datname::bytea FROM pg_database ORDER BY datname;
If that confirms my suspicion, do the following:
Stop the database with
pg_ctl stop -m immediate -D /path/to/data/directory
and take a cold backup of the database directory.
Start the database with
pg_ctl start -o -P -D /path/to/data/directory
Connect to the database postgres and run
REINDEX TABLE pg_database;
Stop and restart PostgreSQL.
Now take a pg_dumpall from the cluster and restore it to a new cluster you create with initdb.
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS nwnx CASCADE;
will work
Is it possible in PostgreSQL to create a user that can only access a single schema?
Here is what I tried:
REVOKE ALL ON DATABASE testdb FROM public;
GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE testdb TO testuser;
When I connect as testuser indeed I cannot access the actual data:
> SELECT * FROM some_table;
ERROR: permission denied for relation some_table
However, I can still list all the tables, etc. in all the other schemas:
SELECT * FROM pg_tables;
schemaname | tablename | tableowner | tablespace | hasindexes | hasrules | hastriggers | rowsecurity
--------------------+-------------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+-------------
test2 | foo | postgres | | t | f | f | f
test2 | bar | postgres | | t | f | f | f
...
It is impossible to configure PostgreSQL so that a user can only see those objects in the system catalogs for which he or she has permissions.
If you need such a setup, you should create a database per user.
I was able to do this like so:
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA schema_name TO user_name;
ALTER USER user_name SET search_path = schema_name;
The ALTER USER statement like this is a way of permanently setting the search path for schemas the way you would set the schema search path of an individual sessions with
SET SEARCH_PATH= schema_name_1, schema_name_2;
I am trying to create an account that is only able to use "SELECT" within the mydb_schema.
I am able to revoke the creation of a tables in public schema in my database (mydb) from a specific role but I am not able to revoke the creation of tables within the schema (mydb_schema) the role (user_role) is assigned to.
Can someone assist? What am I missing?
Below are the commands I used as user postgres and as the owner of the schema. At the end I also altered the postgres account by using the noinherit just as a desperate test. No result.
\c mydb
mydb=# create role user_account
mydb=# alter role user_account login noinherit;
mydb=# alter role user_account set search_path = 'mydb_schema';
##Up until this point I don't have SELECT pivileges but I can create a table within mydb_schema only and not in public.
mydb=# grant select on all tables in schema mydb_schema to user_account;
mydb=# revoke CREATE on SCHEMA public from public;
These are my databases:
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges | Size | Tablespace | Description
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | 6820 kB | pg_default | default administrative connection database
mydb | seeker | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =Tc/seeker +| 3465 MB | pg_default |
seeker=CTc/seeker
These are my schemas:
List of schemas
Name | Owner | Access privileges | Description
----------------+----------+----------------------+------------------------
public | postgres | postgres=UC/postgres | standard public schema
mydb_schema | seeker | seeker=UC/seeker +|
| | =UC/seeker |
Found the solution here in dba.stackexchange
alter role servers_admin set default_transaction_read_only = 'ON';
I'm using PostgreSql version :
postgres=# select version();
version
-------------------------------------------------------------
PostgreSQL 9.2.4, compiled by Visual C++ build 1600, 64-bit
(1 row)
i had connected to a database from postgres=# to newdb=#....
Now i'm in newdb=# Database i want to disconnect it and go back to postgres=# database ....
How to do this ?
I have tried with disconnect newdb;
but its giving erroe as::
postgres=# create database newdb;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \c newdb;
WARNING: Console code page (437) differs from Windows code page (1252)
8-bit characters might not work correctly. See psql reference
page "Notes for Windows users" for details.
You are now connected to database "newdb" as user "postgres".
newdb=# disconnect newdb;
ERROR: syntax error at or near "disconnect"
LINE 1: disconnect newdb;
^
newdb=#
it isnt working is there any other way to do this or am i wrong in anything!!
It's easy, just look the example.
--my databases
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+---------+-------+---------------------------
francs | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =Tc/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres +
| | | | | francs=C*T*c*/postgres +
| | | | | select_only=c/francs
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | C | C |
source_db | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =Tc/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres +
| | | | | source_db=C*T*c*/postgres
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(5 rows)
--switch to db francs as role francs
postgres=# \c francs francs
You are now connected to database "francs" as user "francs".
--swith to db postgres as role postgres
francs=> \c postgres postgres
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres".
postgres=#
--disconnect from db
postgres=# \q
There is not a 'disconnect' in psql. Instead of disconnecting from your newdb database you connect with the default postgres database.
Create the new database and connect to it:
postgres=# create database newdb;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \c newdb
You are now connected to database "newdb" as user "postgres".
newdb=#
List the number of connections on newdb:
newdb=# select datname,numbackends from pg_stat_database where datname='newdb';
datname | numbackends
---------+-------------
newdb | 1
Now, instead of disconnecting, just connect with the default postgres database.
newdb=# \c postgres
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres".
postgres=#
Now there are no connections on newdb:
postgres=# select datname,numbackends from pg_stat_database where datname='newdb';
datname | numbackends
---------+-------------
newdb | 0
I would like to list all tables in the liferay database in my PostgreSQL install. How do I do that?
I would like to execute SELECT * FROM applications; in the liferay database. applications is a table in my liferay db. How is this done?
Here's a list of all my databases:
postgres=# \list
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
liferay | postgres | UTF8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | =Tc/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres+
| | | | | liferay=CTc/postgres
lportal | postgres | UTF8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | en_GB.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | en_GB.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | en_GB.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(5 rows)
postgres=#
If you wish to list all tables, you must use:
\dt *.*
to indicate that you want all tables in all schemas. This will include tables in pg_catalog, the system tables, and those in information_schema. There's no built-in way to say "all tables in all user-defined schemas"; you can, however, set your search_path to a list of all schemas of interest before running \dt.
You may want to do this programmatically, in which case psql backslash-commands won't do the job. This is where the INFORMATION_SCHEMA comes to the rescue. To list tables:
SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public';
BTW, if you ever want to see what psql is doing in response to a backslash command, run psql with the -E flag. eg:
$ psql -E regress
regress=# \list
********* QUERY **********
SELECT d.datname as "Name",
pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(d.datdba) as "Owner",
pg_catalog.pg_encoding_to_char(d.encoding) as "Encoding",
d.datcollate as "Collate",
d.datctype as "Ctype",
pg_catalog.array_to_string(d.datacl, E'\n') AS "Access privileges"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_database d
ORDER BY 1;
**************************
so you can see that psql is searching pg_catalog.pg_database when it gets a list of databases. Similarly, for tables within a given database:
SELECT n.nspname as "Schema",
c.relname as "Name",
CASE c.relkind WHEN 'r' THEN 'table' WHEN 'v' THEN 'view' WHEN 'i' THEN 'index' WHEN 'S' THEN 'sequence' WHEN 's' THEN 'special' WHEN 'f' THEN 'foreign table' END as "Type",
pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(c.relowner) as "Owner"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE c.relkind IN ('r','')
AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'
AND n.nspname <> 'information_schema'
AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'
AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
ORDER BY 1,2;
It's preferable to use the SQL-standard, portable INFORMATION_SCHEMA instead of the Pg system catalogs where possible, but sometimes you need Pg-specific information. In those cases it's fine to query the system catalogs directly, and psql -E can be a helpful guide for how to do so.
Connect to the database, then list the tables:
\c liferay
\dt
That's how I do it anyway.
You can combine those two commands onto a single line, if you prefer:
\c liferay \dt
To see the public tables you can do
list tables
\dt
list table, view, and access privileges
\dp or \z
or just the table names
select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema = 'public';
In SQL Query, you can write this code:
select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema='YOUR_TABLE_SCHEME';
Replace your table scheme with YOUR_TABLE_SCHEME;
Example:
select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema='eLearningProject';
To see all scheme and all tables, there is no need of where clause:
select table_name from information_schema.tables
A one-line example is:
\dt schemaname.*
In your scenario:
\dt public.*
And to get a list of schemas:
\dn
Note that public is the default schema when none is specified. Quoting the documentation:
In the previous sections we created tables without specifying any
schema names. By default such tables (and other objects) are
automatically put into a schema named “public”. Every new database
contains such a schema.
Using \dt *.* will output a long list of all tables in all schemas, including internal ones such as pg_catalog. The above can help with filtering.
This can be used in automation scripts if you don't need all tables in all schemas:
for table in $(psql -qAntc '\dt' | cut -d\| -f2); do
...
done