Intro
Imagine we have an infinite range like the range of all possible integers and we can NOT just store them in memory. So we need to calculate them chunk by chunk like:
func numbers(around number: Int, distance: Int) -> [Int] {
((number - distance)...(number + distance))
.map { $0 } // Using `map` ONLY for making the question clear that we do NOT want to use a range
}
so now we can build our view like:
struct ContentView: View {
#State var lastVisibleNumber: Int = 0
var body: some View {
ScrollView(.horizontal) {
LazyHStack {
ForEach(numbers(around: lastVisibleNumber, distance: 10), id:\.self) { number in
Text("\(number)")
.padding()
.foregroundColor(.white)
.background(Circle())
// .onAppear { lastVisibleNumber = number }
}
}
}
}
}
Describing the issue and what tried
In order to load more numbers when needed, I have tried to update the lastVisibleNumber on the appearance of last visible Number by adding the following modifier on the Text:
.onAppear { lastVisibleNumber = number }
Although there is a safe range that is visible and should prevent the infinite loop (theoretically), adding this modifier will freeze the view for calculating all numbers!
So how can we achieve a scroll view with some kind of infinite data source?
Considerations
The range of Int is just a sample and the question can be about an infinite range of anything. (In a form of an Array!)
we don't want unexpected stops (like showing a dummy spinner at the leading or trailing of the list) in the middle of the scrolling.
For this, you should try using table view and data source. Let's assume you have an array of integers. You may create a buffer with an arbitrary number of instances. Let say 100. In that case, with a similar logic, your distance would become a 50. When you scroll, and close enough to the limits, you create another array and reload the table view data source so that you can pretend like you have an infinite array. Be aware that reusable cell and table view implementation is very consistent and optimized.
Don’t refresh view when lastVisibleNumber changes - it just gets into endless loop. You can create Observableobject, store it and update it only on-demand (I provided a button but you can obviously load it onAppear eith some criteria - e.g. last of the array was shown):
class NumberViewModel: ObservableObject {
var lastVisibleNumber = 0
#Published var lastRefreshedNumber = 0
func numbers(distance: Int) -> [Int] {
((lastRefreshedNumber - distance)...(lastRefreshedNumber + distance))
.map { $0 } // Using `map` ONLY for making the question clear that we do NOT want to use a range
}
}
struct ContentView: View {
#StateObject var viewModel = NumberViewModel()
var body: some View {
VStack {
Button("Refresh view", action: {
viewModel.lastRefreshedNumber = viewModel.lastVisibleNumber
})
ScrollView(.horizontal) {
LazyHStack {
ForEach(viewModel.numbers(distance: 10), id:\.self) { number in
Text("\(number)")
.padding()
.foregroundColor(.white)
.background(Circle())
.onAppear { viewModel.lastVisibleNumber = number }
}
}
}
}
}
}
Related
I am working on SwiftUI ForEach. Below image shows what I want to achieve. For this purpose I need next two elements of array in single iteration, so that I can show two card in single go. I search on a lot but did find any way to jump index swiftUI ForEach.
Need to show two cards in single iteration
Here is my code in which I have added the element same array for both card which needs to be in sequence.
struct ContentView: View {
var body: some View {
ScrollView(.vertical, showsIndicators: false) {
VStack(spacing: 0) {
// I need jump of 2 indexes
ForEach(videos) { video in
//need to show the next two elements of the videos array
HStack {
videoCardView(video: video)
Spacer()
//video + 1
videoCardView(video: video)
}
.padding([.leading, .trailing], 30)
.padding([.top, .bottom], 10)
}
}
}
.background(Color(ColorName.appBlack.rawValue))
}
}
Any better suggestion how to build this view.
While LazyVGrid is probably the best solution for what you want to accomplish, it doesn't actually answer your question.
To "jump" an index is usually referred to as "stepping" in many programming languages, and in Swift it's called "striding".
You can stride (jump) an array by 2 like this:
ForEach(Array(stride(from: 0, to: array.count, by: 2)), id: \.self) { index in
// ...
}
You can learn more by taking a look at the Strideable protocol.
ForEach isn’t a for loop, many make that mistake. You need to supply identifiable data to it which should give you the clue to get your data into a suitable format first. You could process the array into another array containing a struct that has an id and holds the first and second video and pass that to the View that does the ForEach. View structs are lightweight make as many as you need.
You could also make a computed var but that wouldn’t be as efficient as a separate View because you might unnecessary recompute if something different changes.
Foreach is constrained compared to a 'for' loop. One way to fool ForEach into behaving differently is to create a shadow array for ForEach to loop through.
My purpose was slightly different than yours, but the workaround below seems like it could solve your challenge as well.
import SwiftUI
let images = ["house", "gear", "car"]
struct ContentView: View {
var body: some View {
VStack {
let looper = createCounterArray()
ForEach (looper, id:\.self) { no in
Image(systemName: images[no])
.imageScale(.large)
.foregroundColor(.accentColor)
Text("Hello, world!")
}
.padding()
}
}
}
//
// return an array of the simulated loop data.
//
func createCounterArray() -> [Int] {
// create the data needed
return Array(arrayLiteral: 0,1,1,2)
}
struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
static var previews: some View {
ContentView()
}
}
Sorry to make this post so long, but in hindsight I should have shown you the simpler instance of the issue so you could better understand what the problem is. I am assuming the same issue with ForEach is at the root cause of both of these bugs, but I could be wrong. The second instance is still included to give you context, but the first intance should be all you need to fully understand the issue.
First Instance:
Here is a video of the issue: https://imgur.com/a/EIg9TSm. As you can see, there are 4 Time Codes, 2 of which are favorite and 2 are not favorites (shown by the yellow star). Additionally, there is text at the top that represents the array of Time Codes being displayed just as a list of favorite (F) or not favorite (N). I click on the last Time Code (Changing to favorite) and press the toggle to unfavorite it. When I hit save, the array of Time Codes is updated, yet as you see, this is not represented in the List. However, you see that the Text of the reduced array immediately updates to FNFF, showing that it is properly updated as a favorite by the ObservedObject.
When I click back on the navigation and back to the page, the UI is properly updated and there are 3 yellow stars. This makes me assume that the problem is with ForEach, as the Text() shows the array is updated but the ForEach does not. Presumably, clicking out of the page reloads the ForEach, which is why it updates after exiting the page. EditCodeView() handles the saving of the TimeCodeVieModel in CoreData, and I am 99% certain that it works properly through my own testing and the fact that the ObservedObject updates as expected. I am pretty sure I am using the dynamic version of ForEach (since TimeCodeViewModel is Identifiable), so I don't know how to make the behavior update immediately after saving. Any help would be appreciated.
Here is the code for the view:
struct ListTimeCodeView: View {
#ObservedObject var timeCodeListVM: TimeCodeListViewModel
#State var presentEditTimeCode: Bool = false
#State var timeCodeEdit: TimeCodeViewModel?
init() {
self.timeCodeListVM = TimeCodeListViewModel()
}
var body: some View {
VStack {
HStack {
Text("TimeCodes Reduced by Favorite:")
Text("\(self.timeCodeListVM.timeCodes.reduce(into: "") {$0 += $1.isFavorite ? "F" : "N"})")
}
List {
ForEach(self.timeCodeListVM.timeCodes) { timeCode in
TimeCodeDetailsCell(fullName: timeCode.fullName, abbreviation: timeCode.abbreviation, color: timeCode.color, isFavorite: timeCode.isFavorite, presentEditTimeCode: $presentEditTimeCode)
.contentShape(Rectangle())
.onTapGesture {
timeCodeEdit = timeCode
}
.sheet(item: $timeCodeEdit, onDismiss: didDismiss) { detail in
EditCodeView(timeCodeEdit: detail)
}
}
}
}
}
}
Here is the code for the View Models (shouldn't be relevant to the problem, but included for understanding):
class TimeCodeListViewModel: ObservableObject {
#Published var timeCodes = [TimeCodeViewModel]()
init() {
fetchAllTimeCodes()
}
func fetchAllTimeCodes() {
self.timeCodes = CoreDataManager.shared.getAllTimeCodes().map(TimeCodeViewModel.init)
}
}
class TimeCodeViewModel: Identifiable {
var id: String = ""
var fullName = ""
var abbreviation = ""
var color = ""
var isFavorite = false
var tags = ""
init(timeCode: TimeCode) {
self.id = timeCode.id!.uuidString
self.fullName = timeCode.fullName!
self.abbreviation = timeCode.abbreviation!
self.color = timeCode.color!
self.isFavorite = timeCode.isFavorite
self.tags = timeCode.tags!
}
}
Second Instance:
EDIT: I realize it may be difficult to understand what the code is doing, so I have included a gif demoing the problem (unfortunately I am not high enough reputation for it to be shown automatically). As you can see, I select the cells I want to change, then press the button to assign that TimeCode to it. The array of TimeCodeCellViewModels changes in the background, but you don't actually see that change until I press the home button and then reopen the app, which triggers a refresh of ForEach. Gif of issue. There is also this video if the GIF is too fast: https://imgur.com/a/Y5xtLJ3
I am trying to display a grid view using a VStack of HStacks, and am running into an issue where the ForEach I am using to display the content is not refreshing when the array being passed in changes. I know the array itself is changing because if I reduce it to a string and display the contents with Text(), it properly updates as soon as a change is made. But, the ForEach loop only updates if I close and reopen the app, forcing the ForEach to reload. I know that there is a special version of ForEach that is specifically designed for dynamic content, but I am pretty sure I am using this version since I pass in '''id: .self'''. Here is the main code snippet:
var hoursTimeCode: [[TimeCodeCellViewModel]] = []
// initialize hoursTimeCode
VStack(spacing: 3) {
ForEach(self.hoursTimeCode, id: \.self) {row in
HStack(spacing: 3){
HourTimeCodeCell(date: row[0].date) // cell view for hour
.frame(minWidth: 50)
ForEach(row.indices, id: \.self) {cell in
// TimeCodeBlockCell displays minutes normally. If it is selected, and a button is pressed, it is assigned a TimeCode which it will then display
TimeCodeBlockCell(timeCodeCellVM: row[cell], selectedArray: $selectedTimeCodeCells)
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.aspectRatio(1.0, contentMode: .fill)
}
}
}
}
I'm pretty sure it doesn't change anything, but I did have to define a custom hash function for the TimeCodeCellViewModel, which might change the behavior of the ForEach (the attributes being changed are included in the hash function). However, I have noticed the same ForEach behavior in another part of my project that uses a different view model, so I highly doubt this is the issue.
class TimeCodeCellViewModel:Identifiable, Hashable {
static func == (lhs: TimeCodeCellViewModel, rhs: TimeCodeCellViewModel) -> Bool {
if lhs.id == rhs.id {
return true
}
else {
return false
}
}
func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher) {
hasher.combine(id)
hasher.combine(isSet)
hasher.combine(timeCode)
hasher.combine(date)
}
var id: String = ""
var date = Date()
var isSet = false
var timeCode: TimeCode
var frame: CGRect = .zero
init(timeCodeCell: TimeCodeCell) {
self.id = timeCodeCell.id!.uuidString
self.date = timeCodeCell.date!
self.isSet = timeCodeCell.isSet
self.timeCode = timeCodeCell.toTimeCode!
}
}
Here is a snippet of what you need to make the code work.
See the comments for some basics of why
struct EditCodeView:View{
#EnvironmentObject var timeCodeListVM: TimeCodeListViewModel
//This will observe changes to the view model
#ObservedObject var timeCodeViewModel: TimeCodeViewModel
var body: some View{
EditTimeCodeView(timeCode: timeCodeViewModel.timeCode)
.onDisappear(perform: {
//*********TO SEE CHANGES WHEN YOU EDIT
//uncomment this line***********
//_ = timeCodeListVM.update(timeCodeVM: timeCodeViewModel)
})
}
}
struct EditTimeCodeView: View{
//This will observe changes to the core data entity
#ObservedObject var timeCode: TimeCode
var body: some View{
Form{
TextField("name", text: $timeCode.fullName.bound)
TextField("appreviation", text: $timeCode.abbreviation.bound)
Toggle("favorite", isOn: $timeCode.isFavorite)
}
}
}
class TimeCodeListViewModel: ObservableObject {
//Replacing this whole thing with a #FetchRequest would be way more efficient than these extra view models
//IF you dont want to use #FetchRequest the only other way to observe the persistent store for changes is with NSFetchedResultsController
//https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67526427/swift-fetchrequest-custom-sorting-function/67527134#67527134
//This array will not see changes to the variables of the ObservableObjects
#Published var timeCodeVMs = [TimeCodeViewModel]()
private var persistenceManager = TimeCodePersistenceManager()
init() {
fetchAllTimeCodes()
}
func fetchAllTimeCodes() {
//This method does not observe for new and or deleted timecodes. It is a one time thing
self.timeCodeVMs = persistenceManager.retrieveObjects(sortDescriptors: nil, predicate: nil).map({
//Pass the whole object there isnt a point to just passing the variables
//But the way you had it broke the connection
TimeCodeViewModel(timeCode: $0)
})
}
func addNew() -> TimeCodeViewModel{
let item = TimeCodeViewModel(timeCode: persistenceManager.addSample())
timeCodeVMs.append(item)
//will refresh view because there is a change in count
return item
}
///Call this to save changes
func update(timeCodeVM: TimeCodeViewModel) -> Bool{
let result = persistenceManager.updateObject(object: timeCodeVM.timeCode)
//You have to call this to see changes at the list level
objectWillChange.send()
return result
}
}
//DO you have special code that you aren't including? If not what is the point of this view model?
class TimeCodeViewModel: Identifiable, ObservableObject {
//Simplify this
//This is a CoreData object therefore an ObservableObject it needs an #ObservedObject in a View so changes can be seem
#Published var timeCode: TimeCode
init(timeCode: TimeCode) {
self.timeCode = timeCode
}
}
Your first ForEach probably cannot check if the identity of Array<TimeCodeCellViewModel> has changed.
Perhaps you want to use a separate struct which holds internally an array of TimeCodeCellViewModel and conforms to Identifiable, effectively implementing such protocol.
stuct TCCViewModels: Identifiable {
let models: Array<TimeCodeCellViewModel>
var id: Int {
models.hashValue
}
}
You might as well make this generic too, so it can be reused for different view models in your app:
struct ViewModelsContainer<V: Identifiable> where V.ID: Hashable {
let viewModels: Array<V>
let id: Int
init(viewModels: Array<V>) {
self.viewModels = viewModels
var hasher = Hasher()
hasher.combine(viewModels.count)
viewModels.forEach { hasher.combine($0.id) }
self.id = hasher.finalize
}
}
if I have something like this:
struct ContentView: View {
var results = [Result(score: 8), Result(score: 5), Result(score: 10)]
var body: some View {
VStack {
ForEach(results, id: \.id) { result in
Text("Result: \(result.score)")
}
}
}
}
And then I have a button that appends sometihng to the results array, the entire ForEach loop will reload. This makes sense, but I'm wondering if there is some way to prevent this. The reason I'm asking is because I have a ForEach loop with a few items, each of which plays an animation. If another item is appended to the array, however, the new item appears at the top of the ForEach, but, since the entire view is reload, the other animations playing in the items stop.
Is there any way to prevent this? Like to add an item to a ForEach array, and have it appear, but not reload the entire ForEach loop?
I assume not, but I would wonder how to get around such an issue.
Create separate view for iterating ForEach content, then SwiftUI rendering engine will update container (by adding new item), but not refresh existed rows
ForEach(results, id: \.id) {
ResultCellView(result: $0)
}
and
struct ResultCellView: View {
let result: Result
var body: some View {
Text("Result: \(result.score)")
}
}
Note: I don't see your model, so there might be needed to confirm it to Hashable, Equatable.
In general not providing an id makes it impossible for the ForEach to know what changed (as it has no track of the items) and therefore does not re-render the view.
E.g.
struct ContentView: View {
#State var myData: Array<String> = ["first", "second"]
var body: some View {
VStack() {
ForEach(0..<self.myData.count) { item in
Text(self.myData[item])
}
Button(action: {
self.myData.append("third")
}){
Text("Add third")
}
}
}
}
This throws an console output (that you can ignore) where it tells you about what I just wrote above:
ForEach<Range<Int>, Int, Text> count (3) != its initial count (2).
`ForEach(_:content:)` should only be used for *constant* data.
Instead conform data to `Identifiable` or use `ForEach(_:id:content:)`
and provide an explicit `id`!
For your code try this:
Tested on iOS 13.5.
struct ContentView: View {
#State var results = [Result(score: 8), Result(score: 5), Result(score: 10)]
var body: some View {
VStack {
ForEach(0..<self.results.count) { item in
// please use some index test on production
Text("Result: \(self.results[item].score)")
}
Button(action: {
self.results.append(Result(score: 11))
}) {
Text("Add 11")
}
}
}
}
class Result {
var score: Int
init(score: Int) {
self.score = score
}
}
Please note that this is a "hacky" solution and ForEach was not intended to be used for such cases. (See the console output)
I am storing a Int value as State in my View. When I press a button the Int increase by one. This is working fine when I print my int value.
I have now a ForEach loop, which iterates based on this Int. When I set my State on 2 by default it works fine at the beginning. However, when I increase that Int my ForEach is not called again.
I understand that State will reload my actual view. Does it only load specific parts?
Here I declare my State:
#State var s_countVenues : Int = 2
This is the ForEach I use. It works at the beginning, however changing s_countVenues does NOT update the view.
ForEach(0..<self.s_countVenues)
{_ in
HStack(spacing: 0)
{
//here comes my view
}
}
If necessary, here I am increasing my value by one. It works, I printed the changes and if I use it inside a Label, the Label gets updated.
self.s_countVenues += 1
TL:DR:
My Int State is working. I can increase and print it inside a label. However, using it as Statement in ForEach does not call that loop again after changing.
from apple docs
extension ForEach where Data == Range<Int>, ID == Int, Content : View {
/// Creates an instance that computes views on demand over a *constant*
/// range.
///
/// This instance only reads the initial value of `data` and so it does not
/// need to identify views across updates.
///
/// To compute views on demand over a dynamic range use
/// `ForEach(_:id:content:)`.
public init(_ data: Range<Int>, #ViewBuilder content: #escaping (Int) -> Content)
}
So, you have to use (as suggested by Apple)
struct ContentView: View {
#State var counter = 0
var body: some View {
VStack {
ForEach(0 ..< counter, id:\.self) { i in
Text("row: \(i.description)")
}
Button(action: {
self.counter += 1
}, label: {
Text("counter \(counter.description)")
})
}
}
}
It is not due to state, it is because you use ForEach constructor with constant Range, it is documented feature, so not supposed to update, so it is not updated. The simplest solution is as following - to use identifier joined to your state. It just indicates for rendering engine that ForEach is new so refresh (Tested with Xcode 11.2 / iOS 13.2)
ForEach(0..<self.s_countVenues)
{_ in
HStack(spacing: 0)
{
//here comes my view
}
}.id(s_countVenues)
I have silenced it with ', id: .self'
I'm trying to get a Picker to update dynamically depending on the selection of the prior Picker. In order to achieve this, I'm using a multidimensional array. Unfortunately this seems to confuse my ForEach loop and I noticed the following message in the logs:
ForEach<Range<Int>, Int, Text> count (3) != its initial count (5).ForEach(:content:)should only be used for *constant* data. Instead conform data toIdentifiableor useForEach(:id:content:)and provide an explicitid!
This kinda makes sense, I'm guessing what is happening is that I'm passing it one array and it keeps referring to it, so as far as it is concerned, it keeps changing constantly whenever I pass it another array. I believe the way to resolve this is to use the id parameter that can be passed to ForEach, although I'm not sure this would actually solve it and I'm not sure what I would use. The other solution would be to somehow destroy the Picker and recreate it? Any ideas?
My code follows. If you run it, you'll notice that moving around the first picker can result in an out of bounds exception.
import SwiftUI
struct ContentView: View {
#State private var baseNumber = ""
#State private var dimensionSelection = 1
#State private var baseUnitSelection = 0
#State private var convertedUnitSelection = 0
let temperatureUnits = ["Celsius", "Fahrenheit", "Kelvin"]
let lengthUnits = ["meters", "kilometers", "feet", "yards", "miles"]
let timeUnits = ["seconds", "minutes", "hours", "days"]
let volumeUnits = ["milliliters", "liters", "cups", "pints", "gallons"]
let dimensionChoices = ["Temperature", "Length", "Time", "Volume"]
let dimensions: [[String]]
init () {
dimensions = [temperatureUnits, lengthUnits, timeUnits, volumeUnits]
}
var convertedValue: Double {
var result: Double = 0
let base = Double(baseNumber) ?? 0
if temperatureUnits[baseUnitSelection] == "Celsius" {
if convertedUnitSelection == 0 {
result = base
} else if convertedUnitSelection == 1 {
result = base * 9/5 + 32
} else if convertedUnitSelection == 2 {
result = base + 273.15
}
}
return result
}
var body: some View {
NavigationView {
Form {
Section {
TextField("Enter a number", text: $baseNumber)
.keyboardType(.decimalPad)
}
Section(header: Text("Select the type of conversion")) {
Picker("Dimension", selection: $dimensionSelection) {
ForEach(0 ..< dimensionChoices.count) {
Text(self.dimensionChoices[$0])
}
}.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle())
}
Group {
Section(header: Text("Select the base unit")) {
Picker("Base Unit", selection: $baseUnitSelection) {
ForEach(0 ..< self.dimensions[self.dimensionSelection].count) {
Text(self.dimensions[self.dimensionSelection][$0])
}
}.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle())
}
Section(header: Text("Select the unit to convert to")) {
Picker("Converted Unit", selection: $convertedUnitSelection) {
ForEach(0 ..< self.dimensions[self.dimensionSelection].count) {
Text(self.dimensions[self.dimensionSelection][$0])
}
}.pickerStyle(SegmentedPickerStyle())
}
}
Section(header: Text("The converted value is")) {
Text("\(convertedValue) \(dimensions[dimensionSelection][convertedUnitSelection])")
}
}.navigationBarTitle("Unit Converter")
}
}
}
I hate to answer my own question, but after spending some time on it, I think it's worth summarizing my findings in case it helps somebody. To summarize, I was trying to set the second Picker depending on what the selection of the first Picker was.
If you run the code that I pasted as is, you will get an out of bounds. This is only the case if I set #State private var dimensionSelection = 1 and the second array is larger than the first array. If you start with smaller array, you will be fine which you can observe by setting #State private var dimensionSelection = 0. There are a few ways to solve this.
Always start with the smallest array (Not great)
Instead of using an array of String, use an array of objects implementing Identifiable. this is the solution proposed by fuzz above. This got past the out of bound array exception. In my case though, I needed to specify the id parameter in the ForEach parameters.
Extend String to implement Identifiable as long as your strings are all different (which works in my trivial example). This is the solution proposed by gujci and his proposed solution looks much more elegant than mine, so I encourage you to take a look. Note that this to work in my own example. I suspect it might be due to how we built the arrays differently.
HOWEVER, once you get past these issues, it will still not work, You will hit an issue that appears be some kind of bug where the Picker keep adding new elements. My impression is that to get around this, one would have to destroy the Picker every time, but since I'm still learning Swift and SwiftUI, I haven't gotten round doing this.
So you'll want to make sure according to Apple's documentation that the array elements are Identifiable as you've mentioned.
Then you'll want to use ForEach like this:
struct Dimension: Identifiable {
let id: Int
let name: String
}
var temperatureUnits = [
Dimension(id: 0, name: "Celsius"),
Dimension(id: 1, name: "Fahrenheit"),
Dimension(id: 2, name: "Kelvin")
]
ForEach(temperatureUnits) { dimension in
Text(dimension.name)
}