Why doesn't mapbox's native extruded 3d buildings have an FK with OSM building/amenity ID - mapbox

I am trying to access the 3d buildings in gl-js, and was wondering if there is a simple way to make relationship with building IDs in OSM, like "ID:r7335322" or "building:159958500" since they are effectively tagging the same unique building? This use case MUST have come up already at some point? What am I missing?

Yes these building footprints are sourced from OSM, but the OSM id is not retained in Mapbox Streets. The Streets tilesets are designed to be as lightweight as possible, so properties which aren't typically used in cartography are not retained.

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Tile styling in Open Street Map (with Leaflet)

Is it possible to use different colors for Tiles in Open Street Map?
In Google Maps API you can style the map - is there a same feature in Open Street Map or even better are there any different tile templates on the web for download and use in OSM?
OpenStreetMap project provides map data. In order to display web maps OSM data needs to be pre-processed and rendered. Depending on whether you use raster (for example default leafler) or vector tiles (mapbox-gl) steps to modify styles are completely different. Raster styles are usually generated using mapnik rendering library with mod_tile and apache web server. OSM data needs to be imported into PostgreSQL database. Depending on the amount of data you want to process it can take different time from couple of hours for single city to days for the whole planet and require very good hardware (6-8 cores/ 32 GB ram and higher). Then you need to edit special CartoCSS styles to change map appearance. Vector maps and tiles is completely different story but it will require comparable efforts to create your custom map style.
What I suggest is to go and find OSM maps provider that have different styles from default OSM by the way here is an excerpt their tile usage policy (https://operations.osmfoundation.org/policies/tiles/):
OpenStreetMap data is free for everyone to use. Our tile servers are not.
So look at these providers, they can save you a lot of time and money:
https://openmaptiles.org
https://getmaps.io
https://stadimaps.com
and others from https://switch2osm.org/providers/

OpenStreetMap tiles by here's api

I am writing mobile application with apache cordova engine.
I need tile and geocoder(reverse geocoder) server, for this reason I want to use here-api.
I need something as OSM, with buildings, street names... etc.
How I need request to get this type of tiles?
Or, Is it possible to get OSM tiles by here's servers?
Basically I need tiles of Armenian.
Thanks and Regards.
You cannot get OSM tiles via HERE servers. I believe you are looking for this:
https://developer.here.com/rest-apis/documentation/enterprise-map-tile/topics/quick-start.html
And then this:
https://developer.here.com/rest-apis/documentation/geocoder/topics/quick-start.html
You'll have to sign up for a plan before you can use it though:
https://developer.here.com/plans/api/consumer-mapping

Read MBTiles and make Terrain with Texture from that ! (Unity3D)

does anybody knows how I can read mbtiles format in unity3D and make a terrain with texture depend on it ?
Your question is too broad to be answered in a single StackOverflow answer. Some pointers:
MBTiles specification is here
MBTiles data is stored inside a SQLite database. Accessing a SQLite database is no different from using it in any other C# application, but a simple guid is available here
You'll need to render the a dynamically tiled terrain using the MBTiles data. In 2D mapping, this is called a slippy map, and a specific unity implementation is here

Efficiently shading multiple county polygons in MapBox (web and mobile)

I'm working on a visualization project where I'd like to use a fill color over US Counties that fall into my data set. (weather data)
I have shapefiles for the counties, but there are hundreds (if not thousands) of points per county, and some parts of my data can cover 20+ counties. I'm thinking that manually drawing the polygons may not be the approach to take.
Is there an efficient approach using the MapBox SDKs for accomplishing what I'm trying to do? I'd like to do it both in web and mobile if possible, but I'll start with web.
You want to look into TileMill in order to make custom map tiles with your source data. Then, you can use those tiles on web and mobile both.
https://www.mapbox.com/tilemill/docs/guides/add-shapefile
https://www.mapbox.com/tilemill/docs/guides/styling-polygons/
https://www.mapbox.com/tilemill/docs/crashcourse/exporting/
https://www.mapbox.com/mapbox.js/example/v1.0.0/layers/
https://www.mapbox.com/mapbox-ios-sdk/#tile_sources__protocol

Map rendering using OpenStreetMap

Does OpenStreetMap just provide GIS data? To render maps and have a browser based UI to show maps with data, would a developer need to use something like Mapnik?
OpenStreetMap provides data yes, and you'll need specific tools to make map with them. You first need to put the data in a true GIS format, which OSM is not. Think about PostGIS, an osm2pgsql tool is designed for that. Then, you'll need a rendering tool, i.e. a cartographic engine. You can use Mapnik or MapServer. Tilemill or Kosmtik can help you designing your map styles.
Take a look here.
yo can export data form OpenStreetMap and render your own map.
Take a look at
http://www.slideshare.net/jones139/rendering-openstreetmap-data-using-mapnik
http://www.slideshare.net/artemp/mapnik-sotm-2007
There's a fuller list of rendering libraries for OpenStreetMap data here, both free and commercial.
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Renderer
Disclosure: I am the developer of one of them.
OpenStreetMap provides map data out to a wide sprawling ecosystem of different downloads and tools offering developers different map-making and map using possibilities. Here is a diagram I drew which captures some of this:
So the data comes out of the core of OpenStreetMap, in the form of 'planet downloads', one big unwieldy blob of XML (and diffs), but from there it fans out into a range of other offerings to developers, many of which are provided by 3rd parties. Taken together "OpenStreetMap & Friends" provide lots of possibilities.
If you are inclined to run your own rendering system, then yes, Mapnik is a good choice. Powerful and scaleable (most successful OSM tile servers run Mapnik), but takes a bit of setting up. You normally load OSM XML data into PostGIS, and run mapnik from that (tutorials on switch2osm.org)
If you are not inclined to run your own rendering system (for more lightweight web development tasks this seams reasonable!) you don't have to! You can configure LeafletJS or OpenLayers or others to fetch map tiles from a tile server run by somebody else. There are many providers. See the providers list on switch2osm.org and the Tile Servers list.