I write a blog using Jekyll.
In normal text, double less sign, << is translated to a Unicode character.
How can I suppress this automatic translation locally in Markdown?
Following
https://meta.stackexchange.com/a/279728
the answer is to use HTML code for the less than sign:
<
Related
I am using HtmlSanitizer to parse input in .NET Core prevent XSS Injections. HtmlSanitizer implements AngleSharp - I have no idea what Angle Sharp does, but it encodes some characters, like so:
Input:
!##$%^&*()_+{}:"<>?~
Output:
!##$%^&*()_+{}:"<>?~
Note that <, >, and & got encoded as <, >, and &, respectively. I have two questions here:
What is this encoding?
(Optional) Is there a way to use AngleSharp, or some other library, to undo it?
Side note - all the harmful stuff gets stripped out as needed, this format change happens on "safe" html anyway, just to point out that I am not undoing any security features of the library so we don't have a long discussion on that.
These strings are HTML encoded. The purpose of html encoding is to prevent XSS, but since I am already stripping any potentially harmful code, it's just overkill in my case. More detail can be found in this answer (quote copied from there):
HTML.Encode() - What/How does it prevent scripting security problems in ASP .NET?
The less-than character (<) is converted to <.
The greater-than character (>) is converted to >.
The ampersand character (&) is converted to &.
The double-quote character (") is converted to ".
Any ASCII code character whose code is greater-than or equal to 0x80
is converted to &#<number>, where
is the ASCII character value.
You can html encode and decode strings in .NET Core using a built in tool, as described here.
Is there any way I can write a superscript slash with Unicode?
My aim is to represent rational exponents in a nicer form than 123**(456/789).
Well unicode is full of characters. The meaning is up to its interpretation.
For superscript slash you can use:
Canadian Syllabics Final Acute 123⁴⁵⁶ᐟ⁷⁸⁹
Right Raised Omission Bracket 123⁴⁵⁶⸍⁷⁸⁹
Musical Symbol Repeated Figure-1 123⁴⁵⁶𝄍⁷⁸⁹
For subscript slash you can use:
Right Low Paraphrase Bracket 123₄₅₆⸝₇₈₉
If you have other solutions please comment and I will update my answer.
A helpful site to find special unicode characters: shapecatcher
No. On general grounds, we can be pretty sure that if such a character existed, it would be in the Superscripts and Subscripts block (not all superscripts are there, but the odds are that if any superscripts will be added, they will be placed there).
So you need some higher-level protocol, as you usually do, when you need superscripts beyond a fairly limited repertoire. Unicode is about encoding characters, not about layout and mathematical expressions.
Assuming http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_subscripts_and_superscripts is accurate, the answer is no.
Looking at the complete official Unicode name list and making the bold assumption it would have "slash" either in its name or description, there is no such character at this time.
Following this lead, I tried this in a Github README.md:
<span style="vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;top: -0.5em;>text in superscript</span>
Does not work, the text appears as normal. Help?
Use the <sup></sup>tag (<sub></sub> is the equivalent for subscripts). See this gist for an example.
You have a few options for this. The answer depends on exactly what you're trying to do, how readable you want the content to be when viewed as Markdown and where your content will be rendered:
HTML Tags
As others have said, <sup> and <sub> tags work well for arbitrary text. Embedding HTML in a Markdown document like this is well supported so this approach should work with most tools that render Markdown.
Personally, I find HTML impairs the readable of Markdown somewhat, when working with it "bare" (eg. in a text editor) but small tags like this aren't too bad.
LaTeX (New!)
As of May 2022, GitHub supports embedding LaTeX expressions in Markdown docs directly. This gives us new way to render arbitrary text as superscript or subscript in GitHub flavoured Markdown, and it works quite well.
LaTeX expressions are delineated by $$ for blocks or $ for inline expressions. In LaTeX you indicate superscript with the ^ and subscript with _. Curly braces ({ and }) can be used to group characters. You also need to escape spaces with a backslash. The GitHub implementation uses MathJax so see their docs for what else is possible.
You can use super or subscript for mathematical expressions that require it, eg:
$$e^{-\frac{t}{RC}}$$
Which renders as..
Or render arbitrary text as super or subscript inline, eg:
And so it was indeed: she was now only $_{ten\ inches\ high}$, and her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going through the little door into that lovely garden.
Which renders as..
I've put a few other examples here in a Gist.
Unicode
If the superscript (or subscript) you need is of a mathematical nature, Unicode may well have you covered.
I've compiled a list of all the Unicode super and subscript characters I could identify in this gist. Some of the more common/useful ones are:
⁰ SUPERSCRIPT ZERO (U+2070)
¹ SUPERSCRIPT ONE (U+00B9)
² SUPERSCRIPT TWO (U+00B2)
³ SUPERSCRIPT THREE (U+00B3)
ⁿ SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N (U+207F)
People also often reach for <sup> and <sub> tags in an attempt to render specific symbols like these:
™ TRADE MARK SIGN (U+2122)
® REGISTERED SIGN (U+00AE)
℠ SERVICE MARK (U+2120)
Assuming your editor supports Unicode, you can copy and paste the characters above directly into your document or find them in your systems emoji and symbols picker.
On MacOS, simultaneously press the Command ⌘ + Control + Space keys to open the emoji picker. You can browse or search, or click the small icon in the top right to open the more advanced Character Viewer.
On Windows, you can a emoji and symbol picker by pressing ⊞ Windows + ..
Alternatively, if you're putting these characters in an HTML document, you could use the hex values above in an HTML character escape. Eg, ² instead of ². This works with GitHub (and should work anywhere else your Markdown is rendered to HTML) but is less readable when presented as raw text.
Images
If your requirements are especially unusual, you can always just inline an image. The GitHub supported syntax is:
You can use a full path (eg. starting with https:// or http://) but it's often easier to use a relative path, which will load the image from the repo, relative to the Markdown document.
If you happen to know LaTeX (or want to learn it) you could do just about any text manipulation imaginable and render it to an image. Sites like Quicklatex make this quite easy. Of course, if you know your document will be rendered on GitHub, you can use the new (2022) embedded LaTeX syntax discussed earlier)
Comments about previous answers
The universal solution is using the HTML tag <sup>, as suggested in the main answer.
However, the idea behind Markdown is precisely to avoid the use of such tags:
The document should look nice as plain text, not only when rendered.
Another answer proposes using Unicode characters, which makes the document look nice as a plain text document but could reduce compatibility.
Finally, I would like to remember the simplest solution for some documents: the character ^.
Some Markdown implementation (e.g. MacDown in macOS) interprets the caret as an instruction for superscript.
Ex.
Sin^2 + Cos^2 = 1
Clearly, Stack Overflow does not interpret the caret as a superscript instruction. However, the text is comprehensible, and this is what really matters when using Markdown.
If you only need superscript numbers, you can use pure Unicode. It provides all numbers plus several additional characters as superscripts:
x⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁺⁻⁼⁽⁾ⁿⁱ
However, it might be that the chosen font does not support them, so be sure to check the rendered output.
In fact, there are even quite a few superscript letters, however, their intended use might not be for superscript, and font support might be even worse. Use your own judgement.
I am working on decoding text. I am trying to find the character code for the — character, not to be mistaken for -, in ASCII. I have tried unsuccessfully. Does anybody know how to convert it?
Quotation from wiki (Em dash)
When an actual em dash is unavailable—as in the ASCII character set—a double ("--") or triple hyphen-minus ("---") is used. In Unicode, the em dash is U+2014 (decimal 8212).
Em dash character is not a part of ASCII character set.
— is known as an Em Dash. It's character code is \u2014. It is not an ASCII character, so you cannot decode it with the ASCII character set because it is not in the ASCII character table. You would probably want to use UTF8 instead.
Windows
For Windows on a keyboard with a Numeric keypad:
Use Alt+0150 (en dash), Alt+0151 (em dash), or Alt+8722 (minus sign) using the numeric keypad.
This character does not exist in ASCII, but only in Unicode, usually encoded by UTF-8.
In UTF-8, characters are encoded by 2- or 3-byte sequences (or occasionally longer), where none of the two or three bytes is a valid ASCII code, where all of them are outside the ASCII range of 0 through 127.
One suspects that the foregoing only partly answers your question, but if so then this is probably because your question is, inadvertently, only partly asked. For further details, you can extend your question with more specifics.
The character — is not part of the ASCII set.
But if you are looking to convert it to some other format (like U+hex), you can use this online tool. Put your character into the first green box and click "Convert" (above the box)
further below you'll find a number of different codes, including U+hex:
U+2014
Feel free to edit this answer if the link breaks or leave a comment so I can find a replacement.
Alt + 0151 seems to do the trick—perhaps it doesn't work on all keyboards.
alt-196 - while holding down the 'Alt' key, type 196 on the numeric keypad, then release the 'Alt' key
I am using a hidden RichTextBox to retrieve Text property from a RichEditCtrl.
rtb->Text; returns the text portion of either English of national languages – just great!
But I need this text in \u12232? \u32232? instead of national characters and symbols. to work with my db and RichEditCtrl. Any idea how to get from “пассажирским поездом Невский” to “\u12415?\u12395?\u23554?\u20219?\u30456?\u35527?\u21729? (where each national character is represented as “\u23232?”
If you have, that would be great.
I am using visual studio 2008 C++ combination of MFC and managed code.
Cheers and have a wonderful weekend
If you need a System::String as an output as well, then something like this would do it:
String^ s = rtb->Text;
StringBuilder^ sb = gcnew StringBuilder(s->Length);
for (int i = 0; i < s->Length; ++i) {
sb->AppendFormat("\u{0:D5}?", (int)s[i]);
}
String^ result = s->ToString();
By the way, are you sure the format is as described? \u is a traditional Escape sequence for a hexadecimal Unicode codepoint, exactly 4 hex digits long, e.g. \u0F3A. It's also not normally followed by ?. If you actually want that, format specifier {0:X4} should do the trick.
You don't need to use escaping to put formatted Unicode in a RichText control. You can use UTF-8. See my answer here: Unicode RTF text in RichEdit.
I'm not sure what your restrictions are on your database, but maybe you can use UTF-8 there too.