Gas Estimation on Flow chain - onflow-cadence

I am using Flow Javascript Library to send Crypto Currency from One Wallet Address to another.
How do I calculate Gas Estimation?

If you start the emulator with --transaction-fees it will use the same gas fee algorithm as testnet/mainnet so then you can run the transaction locally and see the result there first?
If you are only doing a simple send FT the gas/fee will be very small. Here is an example https://flowscan.org/transaction/227b752908136da94f3006b5c14ef31495fc0ca27bae73732d68b8ef879fe23f
This uses 68 gas and the fee is 0.00000439 flow

Related

Generic modeling of an energy supply chain with Anylogic

I have been working with Anylogic for about 6 months now and my goal is to model a generic energy supply chain for an energy demand (e.g. storm and heat for a house). As a result I want to evaluate how suitable the components in the energy supply chain are to meet the energy demand.
My idea would be to model the components (Ex. PV->Battery Storage->House) as agents. I would have modeled the energy flow in the agents with SD and individual events of the components (e.g. charging and discharging at the battery) via state diagrams.
Currently I have two problems:
Which possibilities are there to create a variable interconnection of my components (agents). For example, if I do not want to evaluate the scenario PV->Battery Storage->House, but PV->Electrolysis->Tank->Fuel Cell->House. My current approach would be to visually connect the agents with ports and connectors and then pass input and output variables for DS calculation via set and get functions. Are there other possibilities, e.g. to realize such a connection via an input Excel? I have seen a similar solution in the video: "How to Build a True Digital Twin with Self-Configuring Models Using the Material Handling Library" by Benjamin Schumann, but I am not sure if this approach can be applied to SD.
To evaluate the energy supply chain, I would like to add information to the energy flow, for example the type (electricity, heat), generation price (depending on which components the energy flow went through) and others. Is there a way to add this information to a flow in SD? My current approach would be to model the energy flow as an agent population with appropriate parameters and variables. Then agents could die when energy is consumed or converted from electricity to heat type. However, I don't know if this fits with the SD modeling of the energy flow.
Maybe you can help me with my problems? I would basically be interested in the opinion of more experienced Anylogic users if my approaches would be feasible or if there are other or easier approaches. If you know of any tutorial videos or example models that address similar problems, I would also be happy to learn from them.
Best
Christoph
Sounds like what you need is a model that combine agent-based and system dynamics approaches with Agents populating the stocks (in your case energy that then gets converted into heat) depending on their connection. There is an example of AB-SD combination model in 'Example' models and I also found one on cloud.anylogic.com, although it is from a different domain.
Perhaps if you can put together a simple example and share then I'll be able to provide more help.

Why does my agent always takes a same action in RL?

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I'm trying to reproduce the work in the paper Demand Response for Home Energy Management Using Reinforcement Learning and Artificial Neural Network. I want to optimize the power consumption for home appliances. The action space is a different power rating for home appliances. My reward function is = -(power rating *electricity price).
I have trained an RL agent using DQN algorithm on Matlab. I have action space that the agent should select from, but my agent always takes the same action irrespective of state. I have checked my reward function and the algorithm does not select the action with the highest reward. Anyone can think of why is the agent behaving this way?
My code:
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What I'm getting while training:
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And my agent always takes the same power rating regardless of the state (electricity price). Why?

Flow Balance in Chemical Engineering Process Flow Diagram

I am developing a chemical process simulation program that takes the user input of
Definitions of process units
A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) that depicts how the process units are connected and flow/mass stream directions;
The PFD may have recirculation loops. A simple example may look like this:
PFD:
Feed_Unit --> Chemical_Reactor --> Separator --> Product
^ |
| |
|<----(recirculation)---V (flow split)
|
L------> Waste_Material
The flow of Waste_Material is a function of the Chemical_Reactor and changes during simulation from one timestamp to the next.
I can balance the Feed, Waste_Material, and Product flows easily. What would be an efficient approach/algorithm to make sure the inner streams' flows are balanced too?
This seems like an 1000 level mass balance problem. It would be easier to just set up a bunch of systems of linear equations in matlab and use the rref() function. As long as it's not a transient problem.
Just write out all the balances and then plug em into matlab.

Data transmission using RF with raspberryPi

I have a project that consisted of transmitting data wirelessly from 15 tractors to a station, the maximum distance between tractor and station is 13 miles. I used a raspberry pi 3 to collect data from tractors. with some research I found that there is no wifi or GSM coverage so the only solution is to use RF communication using VHF. so is that possible with raspberry pi or I must add a modem? if yes, what is the criterion for choosing a modem? and please if you have any other information tell me?
and thank you for your time.
I had a similar issue but possibly a little more complex. I needed to cover a maximum distance of 22 kilometres and I wanted to monitor over 100 resources ranging from breeding stock to fences and gates etc. I too had no GSM access plus no direct line of sight access as the area is hilly and the breeders like the deep valleys. The solution I used was to make my own radio network using cheap radio repeaters. Everything was battery operated and was driven by the receivers powering up the transmitters. This means that the units consume only 40 micro amps on standby and when the transmitters transmit, in my case they consume around 100 to 200 milliamps.
In the house I have a little program that transmits a poll to the receivers every so often and waits for the units to reply. This gives me a big advantage because I can, via the repeater trail (as each repeater, the signal goes through, adds its code to the returning message) actually determine were my stock are.
Now for the big issue, how long do the batteries last? Well each unit has a 18650 battery. For the fence and gate controls this is charged by a small 5 volt solar panel and after 2 years running time I have not changed any of them. For the cattle units the length of time between charges depends solely on how often you poll the units (note each unit has its own code) with one exception (a bull who wants to roam and is a real escape artist) I only poll them once or twice a day and I swap the battery every two weeks.
The frequency I use is 433Mhz and the radio transmitters and receivers are very cheap ( less then 10 cents a pair if you by them in Australia) with a very small Attiny (I think) arduino per unit (around 30 cents each) and a length on wire (34.6cm long as an aerial) for the cattle and 69.2cm for the repeaters. Note these calculations are based on the frequency used i.e. 433Mhz.
As I had to install lots of the repeaters I contacted an organisation in China (sorry they no longer exist) and they created a tiny waterproof and rugged capsule that contained everything, while also improving on the design (range wise while reducing power) at a cost of $220 for 100 units not including batterys. I bought one lot as a test and now between myself and my neighbours we bought another 2000 units for only $2750.
In my case this was paid for in less then three months when during calving season I knew exactly were they were calving and was on site to assist. The first time I used it we saved a mother who was having a real issue.
To end this long message I am not an expert but I had an idea and hired people who were and the repeater approach certainly works over long distances and large areas (42 square kilometres).
Following on from the comments above, I'm not sure where you are located but spectrum around the 400mhz range is licensed in many countries so it would be worth checking exactly what you can use.
If this is your target then this is UHF rather than VHF so if you search for 'Raspberry PI UHF shield' or 'Raspberry PI UHF module' you will find some examples of cheap hardware you can add to your raspberry pi to support communication over these frequencies. Most of the results should include some software examples also.
There are also articles on using the pins on the PI to transmit directly by modulating the voltage them - this is almost certainly going to interfere with other communications so I doubt it would meet your needs.

Soft hand off in CDMA cellular networks

Hi,
In the CDMA cellular networks when MS (Mobile Station) need to change a BS(Base Station), exactly necessary for hand-off, i know that is soft hand-off (make a connection with a target BS before leaving current BS-s). But i want to know, because connection of MS remaining within a time with more than one BS, MS use the same code in CDMA to communicate with all BS-s or different code for different BS-s ?
Thanks in advance
For the benefit of everyone, i have touched upon few points before coming to the main point.
Soft Handoff is also termed as "make-before-break" handoff. This technique falls under the category of MAHO (Mobile Assisted Handover). The key theme behind this is having the MS to maintain a simultaneous communication link with two or more BS for ensuring a un-interrupted call.
In DL direction, it is achieved using different transmission codes(transmit same bit stream) on different physical channels in the same frequency by two or more BTS wherein the CDMA phone simultaneously receives the signals from these two or more BTS. In the active set, there can be more than one pilot as there could be three carriers involved in soft hand off. Also, there shall also be a rake receiver that shall do maximal combining of received signals.
In UL direction, MS shall operate on a candidate set where there could be more than 1 pilot that have sufficient signal strength for usage as reported by MS. The BTS shall tag each of the user's data with Frame reliability indicator that can provide details about the transmission quality to BSC. So, even though the signals(MS code channel) are received by both base stations, it is achieved by routing the signals to the BSC along with information of quality of received signals, which shall examine the quality based on the Frame reliability indicator and choose the best quality stream or the best candidate.