I need to configure Postogres with some SQL commands, but everything I put in the /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d folder doesn't get executed.
I'm using the postgres:9.6 image.
My Dockerfile is as follows:
FROM postgres:9.6
COPY init.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
USER root
RUN chown postgres:postgres /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]
CMD ["postgres"]
I tried multiple commands in init.sql, for example:
CREATE DATABASE db_name;
Finally, this is the part of the yaml file that concerns the database.
db:
image: postgres-am
ports:
- target: 5432
published: 5432
protocol: tcp
mode: host
environment:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: "postgres"
PGDATA: "/var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata"
volumes:
- db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
Postgres only initializes the database if no database is found, when the container starts. Since you have a volume mapping on the database directory, chances are that a database already exists.
If you delete the db_data volume and start the container, postgres will see that there isn't a database and then it'll initialize one for you using the scripts in docker-entrypoint-initdb.d.
Related
I had postgres 11 installed using docker-compose. I wanted to upgrade it to 12 but even though I have removed the container and its volume but the status of the container says "Restarting".
Here is my docker-compose file
version: '3.5'
services:
postgres:
image: postgres:12
environment:
POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD: "trust"
ports:
- "5432"
restart: always
volumes:
- /etc/postgresql/12/postgresql.conf:/var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf
- db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
volumes:
db_data:
However it is not working and the logs has the following issue
2020-07-02T12:54:47.012973448Z The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013030445Z This user must also own the server process.
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013068962Z
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013222608Z The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013261425Z The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013281815Z The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013293326Z
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013303793Z Data page checksums are disabled.
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013313919Z
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013450079Z initdb: error: directory "/var/lib/postgresql/data" exists but is not empty
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013487706Z If you want to create a new database system, either remove or empty
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013501126Z the directory "/var/lib/postgresql/data" or run initdb
2020-07-02T12:54:47.013512379Z with an argument other than "/var/lib/postgresql/data".
How could I remove or empty this /var/lib/postgresql/data when the container is constantly restarting?
Thanks in advance
Quoting #yosifkit from this issue
The volume needs to be empty or a valid already initialized postgres
database with the file PG_VERSION in there so the init can be
skipped.
... If there are any files or folders in there like lost+found it
will probably fail to initialize. If there are files that you want to
keep in the volume (or have no control over) you could adjust the
PGDATA environment variable to point to a sub-directory in there
like -e PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data/db-files/.
So I added PGDATA to the environment section of the compose file to solve the issue (notice the some_name at the end):
services:
postgres:
image: postgres:12
environment:
PGDATA: /var/lib/postgresql/data/some_name/
I got this issue because the /var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf and the /var/lib/postgresql/data overlap in the docker container at /var/lib/postgresql/.
An example of a broken config is:
version: "3.8"
services:
db:
image: "postgres:10"
ports:
- "5432:5432"
volumes:
- ./postgresql.conf:/var/lib/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf
- ./pg-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
To avoid this I tell PostgreSQL to find it's config in /etc/postgresql.conf instead so the overlapping volumes don't occur like this:
version: "3.8"
services:
db:
image: "postgres:10"
command: ["postgres", "-c", "config_file=/etc/postgresql.conf"]
ports:
- "5432:5432"
volumes:
- ./postgresql.conf:/etc/postgresql.conf
- ./pg-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
This is similar to what pmsoltani suggests, but I move the location of the postgresql.conf file instead of the data directory.
I had the same issue today, I fixed it by removing the content of the volume db_data in your case
docker volume ls
docker volume inspect db_data <-- will show you the mountpoint
I went to the directory (mountpoint) ex: /path/data
cp data data.backup
cd data
rm -R *
And start services:
docker-compose up -d
Another solution is to simply remove the volume attached to the container:
docker-compose down -v
I'm trying to run a docker image with PostgreSQL that has a volume configured for persisting data.
docker-compose.yml
version: '3.1'
services:
db:
image: postgres
restart: always
volumes:
- ./data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
environment:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: example
When I start the container I see the output
fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
and the data folder is no longer readable for me.
If I elevate myself and access the data directory I can see that the files are there. Furthermore, the command ls -ld data gives me
drwx------ 19 systemd-coredump root 4096 May 17 16:22 data
I can manually set the directory permission with sudo chmod 755 data, but that only works until I restart the container.
Why does this happen, and how can I fix it?
The other answer indeed points to the root cause of the problem, however the help page it points to does not contain a solution. Here is what I came up with to make this work for me:
start the container using your normal docker-compose file, this creates the directory with the hardcoded uid:gid (999:999)
version: '3.7'
services:
db:
image: postgres
container_name: postgres
volumes:
- ./data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
environment:
POSTGRES_USER: fake_database_user
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: fake_database_PASSWORD
stop the container and manually change the ownership to uid:gid you want (I'll use 1000:1000 for this example
$ docker stop postgres
$ sudo chown -R 1000:1000 ./data
Edit your docker file to add your desired uid:gid and start it up again using docker-compose (notice the user:)
version: '3.7'
services:
db:
image: postgres
container_name: postgres
volumes:
- ./data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
user: 1000:1000
environment:
POSTGRES_USER: fake_database_user
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: fake_database_password
The reason you can't just use user: from the start is that if the image runs as a different user it fails to create the data files.
On the image documentation page, it does mention a solution to add a volume to expose the /etc/passwd file as read-only in the image when providing --user option, however, that did not work for me with the latest image, as I was getting the following error. In fact none of the three proposed solutions worked for me.
initdb: error: could not change permissions of directory "/var/lib/postgresql/data": Operation not permitted
This is because of what is written in the dockerfile of the postgres image.
From line 15 to 18, you'll see that the group 999 and the user 999 are used. I'm guessing that in your host, they map respectively to systemd-coredump and root.
You need to know that whenever you use a user/group in an image, if the uid/gid exist in your host, then it will be mapped to it.
You can read the documentation on the docker hub from the postgres image here. There is a section Arbitrary --user Notes that explain how it works in the context of this image.
An easier and permanent solution would be as follows:
Add these lines to ~/.bashrc:
export UID=$(id -u)
export GID=$(id -g)
Reload your shell:
$ source ~/.bashrc
Modify your docker-compose.yml as follows:
version: "3.7"
services:
db:
image: postgres
volumes:
- ./tmp/db:/var/lib/postgresql/data
user: "${UID}:${GID}"
...
Source
here's what i did:
services:
postgres:
image: postgres:15.1
restart: always
environment:
- POSTGRES_USER=my_user
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=my_user
- POSTGRES_DB=my_user
user: root
ports:
- "5432:5432"
volumes:
- /home/my_user/volumes/postgres/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
- /home/my_user/volumes/postgres/config:/etc/postgresql
postgres_setup:
image: postgres:15.1
user: root
volumes:
- /home/my_user/volumes/postgres/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
- /home/my_user/volumes/postgres/config:/etc/postgresql
entrypoint: [ "bash", "-c", "chmod 750 -R /var/lib/postgresql/data && chmod 750 -R /etc/postgresql"]
depends_on:
- postgres
pgadmin4:
image: dpage/pgadmin4
restart: always
environment:
- PGADMIN_DEFAULT_EMAIL=my_user#admin.com
- PGADMIN_DEFAULT_PASSWORD=my_user
- PGADMIN_LISTEN_ADDRESS=0.0.0.0
user: root
ports:
- "5050:80"
volumes:
- /home/my_user/volumes/pgadmin/data:/var/lib/pgadmin
depends_on:
- postgres_setup
the postgres_setup container just changes permissions and then shuts down
I have been struggling with a similar issue and the answer hit me when trying to work around postgres (static uid per container, configured or 70 by default on alpine, 999 on standard image), and docker limitations (no uid translation of volumes).
The answer is to utilize Linux ACL without any changes to docker-compose.yml user - just keep the default internal container user id.
mkdir -p ./data
sudo setfacl -m u:$(id -u):rwx -R ./data/
docker-compose up -d
or
docker-compose up -d
sudo setfacl -m u:$(id -u):rwx -R ./data/
The order of creating data volume's directory does not matter and as long as ACL is set after it was created, you as a user will be able to access it recursively. You can of course add additional permissions.
To check who has access to data folder simply run:
getfacl ./data
I'm trying to create and restore postgres backup using docker.
the docker failed to do it and gives me the following error:
/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: ignoring /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*
dockerfile:
FROM postgres:11
ENV POSTGRES_USER postgres
ENV POSTGRES_PASSWORD postgres
ENV POSTGRES_DB dbName
COPY backup.backup /
COPY initdb.sh /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
initdb.sh:
pg_restore --username=postgres --create --exit-on-error --verbose --dbname=dbName backup.backup
docker-compose.yml:
version: '2'
services:
db:
image: postgres:11
expose:
- "5432"
ports:
- "15432:5432"
volumes:
- dock-volume:/var/lib/postgresql/data
environment:
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD= postgres
- POSTGRES_DB= dbName
volumes:
dock-volume:
I tried to add the environment variables to docker-compose.yml but it doesnt help..
You should not create a Dockerfile for the Postgres because you already have the definition in your Dockercompose file. The variables that you define under environment are visible inside Postgres. If you want to have a backup and make sure that is running when you initialize you can do:
volumes:
- ~/Downloads/data/my_buckup.psql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/stage.sql
Then when Postgres initialize this script will be run. You can see the documentation here under the section How to extend this image
I hope it makes sense
I create an Dockerfile with Postgresql with this code:
FROM postgres:9.4
MAINTAINER Fabio Ebner
ENV POSTGRES_PASSWORD="dna44100"
ENV POSTGRES_PORT=5432
EXPOSE ${POSTGRES_PORT}
COPY init.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
so How can I specify to always save my db data in my user Machine? cause with this code everty time I stop the container my data are lost
You will need to mount a volume. pointing your host machine to the container's directory /var/lib/postgresql
Source: docker mounting volumes on host
You need to mount a volume to the data directory of PostgreSQL.
You can use the following, using the docker-compose file:
version: "3"
services:
test-postgresql:
image: postgres:9.4
container_name: test-postgresql
ports:
- "5432:5432"
environment:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: dna44100
volumes:
- ./init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
- ./folder-on-host:/var/lib/postgresql/data
With the docker-compose file you can start the container with docker-compose up and stop the container with docker-compose down. The database and settings are saved on the specified directory (./folder-on-host).
If you want to remove the volume you can use the command: docker-compose down -v
You can also use the docker run to mount a volume, using the -v or -volume option:
docker run -v ./folder-on-host:/var/lib/postgresql/data yourimagename
I'm trying to create a database and connect to it within my container network. I don't want to have to ssh into a box to create users/databases etc, as this is not a scalable or easily distributable process.
This is what I have so far:
# docker-compose.yml
db:
image: postgres:9.4
volumes:
- ./db/init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb/10-init.sql
environment:
- PGDATA=/tmp
- PGDATABASE=web
- PGUSER=docker
- PGPASSWORD=password
This is my init.sql file:
CREATE DATABASE web;
CREATE USER docker WITH PASSWORD 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE web TO docker;
When I start up the container and try to connect to it, I get this error:
db_1 | FATAL: role "docker" does not exist
db_1 | done
db_1 | server started
db_1 | FATAL: database "web" does not exist
db_1 | psql: FATAL: database "web" does not exist
The first time this happened, I tried to create a role like this:
CREATE ROLE docker with SUPERUSER PASSWORD password;
GRANT web TO docker;
But it did not have any effect. To make matters even more confusing, when I use node-postgres to connect to the db, I get this error:
Error: connect ECONNREFUSED
But how can the connection be refused if the db service isnt even up??
In a nutshell, these are the questions I'm trying to solve:
How can I create a database using only the files in my project (i.e. no manual commands)?
How do I create a user/role using only the files in my project?
How do I connect to this database?
Thank you in advance.
How can I create a database using only the files in my project (i.e.
no manual commands)?
The minimal docker-compose.yml config for you defined user and database is:
postgres:
image: postgres:9.4
environment:
- POSTGRES_DB=web
- POSTGRES_USER=myuser
How do I create a user/role using only the files in my project?
To execute scripts on database initialization take a look at the official docs for initdb.
To get you started with a quick and dirty solution create a new file e.g. init_conf.sh in the same directory as your docker-compose.yml:
#!/bin/bash
set -e
psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -U "$POSTGRES_USER" -d "$POSTGRES_DB" <<-EOSQL
CREATE ROLE docker with SUPERUSER PASSWORD 'password';
EOSQL
And add the volumes directive to your docker-compose.yml.
volumes:
- .:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
Recreate your container because otherwise, you wouldn't trigger a new database initialization. That means, docker stop and docker rm the old one first before executing docker-compose up again. STDOUT gives you now some information about our newly introduced script.
How do I connect to this database?
To connect to your database with docker exec via the terminal:
docker exec -ti folder_postgres_1 psql -U myuser -d web
A docker-compose.yml in one of my production environments looks like the following:
services:
postgres:
logging: &logging
driver: json-file
options:
max-size: "10m"
max-file: "5"
build: ./docker/postgres # path to custom Dockerfile
volumes:
- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
- postgres_backup:/backups
env_file: .env
restart: always
# ... other services like web, celery, redis, etc.
Dockerfile:
FROM postgres:latest
# ...
COPY *.sh /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
# ...
The environment variable you are using are wrong. Try this
version: '3.3'
services:
db:
image: postgres:9.4
restart: always
environment:
- POSTGRES_USER=docker
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password
- POSTGRES_DB=web
volumes:
- db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
# optional port
ports: ["5555:5432"]
volumes:
db_data:
then from any other docker-compose service you can access the DB at db:5432 and from your host machine you can access postgres on localhost:5555 if you also add the ports