I currently am trying to have a single sql script. I could achieve my end result by executing all scripts one after the other, sequentially.
Currently my scripts creates a bunch of tables and stored procedures, all wrapped within a transaction/Begin and End.
DO $$
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS licenses (
license_id smallint NOT NULL,
name varchar(25) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (license_id)
);
..... create lots of tables ....
END$$;
Now I'm trying to add to this script a couple stored procedures, it fails because the stored procedure contains BEGIN and that doesn't work within an existing transaction.
I could put the sproc underneath the first transaction but the new sproc should only execute when the previous transaction of creating tables have been committed. May I have any suggestions to move forward.
The BEGIN you are using is not the SQL command BEGIN but a PL/pgSQL block structure
To start a transaction, stick to SQL:
begin transaction;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS licenses (
license_id smallint NOT NULL,
name varchar(25) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (license_id)
);
..... create lots of tables ....
create procedure foo()
as
$body$
begin
...
end;
$body$
language plpgsql;
create table ...;
commit;
begin transaction;
... create other tables and procedures
commit;
Related
I need to create a trigger in postgres where, when I add a record to table A, it automatically inserts its primary key value (which is auto incremented) into table B, the primary key of table A is the foreign key in table B.
I have tried doing it through pgadmin but it does not allow me to save. Could someone help out please.
First create the following trigger function.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION auto_insert() RETURNS TRIGGER AS
$BODY$
BEGIN
INSERT INTO
B(a_id)
VALUES(new.id);
RETURN new;
END;
$BODY$
language plpgsql;
And then attach the trigger function to table A.
CREATE TRIGGER auto_inserter
AFTER INSERT ON A
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE auto_insert();
I would like to use postgres_fdw and house a FOREIGN TABLE in my database. Is it possible to define a trigger on the local server for this FOREIGN TABLE that recognizes an INSERT event on the remote server. If so, please provide an example.
Data Flow:
Insert data into table on remote server.
Recognize insert on local server's foreign table which fires a trigger.
Trigger function writes data into some other table.
Upon write success, post back to the foreign table
Idea as a crude diagram:
No error is reported but the write to table_b seems unsuccessful.
Here is what I've tried:
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE x.table_a -- note the foreign table is in a different schema than the local table
( id BIGINT NOT NULL
, data_ts TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
, xchg_ts TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NULL
)
SERVER remote_server
OPTIONS (schema_name 'schema_a', table_name 'table_a')
;
CREATE TABLE y.table_b
( xchg_id BIGINT
, error_msg TEXT DEFAULT NULL
);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION func_foreign_table_a_after_insert()
RETURNS TRIGGER
AS $$
BEGIN
INSERT INTO y.table_b
(xchg_id)
VALUES
(NEW.id)
;
RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE PLPGSQL
;
CREATE TRIGGER trig_foreign_table_a_after_insert
AFTER INSERT ON x.table_a
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_foreign_table_a_after_insert();
I am using PostgreSQL as my database for a project at work. We use triggers in quite a few places to either maintain computed columns, or tables that essentially act as a materialized view.
All this worked just fine when simply utilizing row level triggers to keep all this in sync. However when we wrote scripts to periodically import our customers data into the database, we ran into issues with either performance or problems with number of locks in a single transaction.
To alleviate this I wanted to create a statement-level trigger with access to the modified rows (inserted, updated or deleted). However as this is not possible I instead created a BEFORE statement-level trigger that would create a temporary table. Then an AFTER row-level trigger that would insert the changed data into the temporary table. At last an AFTER statement-level trigger that would read the changes and perform necessary updates, and then drop the temporary table.
All this works just fine, assuming that within the triggers, no one would re-trigger the same flow again (as the temporary table would then already exist).
However I then learned that when using foreign key constraints with ON DELETE SET NULL, it is simply implemented with a system trigger that sets the column to NULL. This of course is not a problem at all, except for the fact that when you have several foreign key constraints like this on a single table, all referencing the same table (let's just call this files). When deleting a row from the files table, all these system level triggers to handle the ON DELETE SET NULL clause all fire at the same time, that is in parallel. Which presents a serious issue for me.
How would I go about implementing something like this? Here is a short SQL script to illustrate the problem:
CREATE TABLE files (
id serial PRIMARY KEY,
"name" TEXT NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE profiles (
id serial PRIMARY KEY,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
cv_file_id INT REFERENCES files(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
photo_file_id INT REFERENCES files(id) ON DELETE SET NULL
);
CREATE TABLE profile_audit (
profile_id INT NOT NULL,
modified_at timestamptz NOT NULL
);
CREATE FUNCTION pre_stmt_create_temp_table()
RETURNS TRIGGER
AS $$
BEGIN
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_modified_profiles (
id INT NOT NULL
) ON COMMIT DROP;
RETURN NULL;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
CREATE FUNCTION insert_modified_profile_to_temp_table()
RETURNS TRIGGER
AS $$
BEGIN
INSERT INTO tmp_modified_profiles(id) VALUES (NEW.id);
RETURN NULL;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
CREATE FUNCTION post_stmt_insert_rows_and_drop_temp_table()
RETURNS TRIGGER
AS $$
BEGIN
INSERT INTO profile_audit (id, modified_at)
SELECT t.id, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP FROM tmp_modified_profiles t;
DROP TABLE tmp_modified_profiles;
RETURN NULL;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
CREATE TRIGGER tr_create_working_table BEFORE UPDATE ON profiles FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE pre_stmt_create_temp_table();
CREATE TRIGGER tr_insert_row_to_working_table AFTER UPDATE ON profiles FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE insert_modified_profile_to_temp_table();
CREATE TRIGGER tr_insert_modified_rows_and_drop_working_table AFTER UPDATE ON profiles FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE post_stmt_insert_rows_and_drop_temp_table();
INSERT INTO files ("name") VALUES ('photo.jpg'), ('my_cv.pdf');
INSERT INTO profiles ("name") VALUES ('John Doe');
DELETE FROM files WHERE "name" = 'photo.jpg';
It would be a serious hack, but meanwhile, until PostgreSQL 9.5 is out, I would try to use CONSTRAINT triggers deferred to the end of the transaction. I am not really sure this will work, but might be worth trying.
You could use a status column to track inserts and updates for your statement-level triggers.
In a BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE row-level trigger:
SET NEW.status = TG_OP;
Now you can use statement-level AFTER triggers:
BEGIN
DO FUNNY THINGS
WHERE status = 'INSERT';
-- reset the status
UPDATE mytable
SET status = NULL
WHERE status = 'INSERT';
END;
However, if you want to deal with deletes as well, you'll need something like this in your row-level trigger:
INSERT INTO status_table (table_name, op, id) VALUES (TG_TABLE_NAME, TG_OP, OLD.id);
Then, in your statement-level AFTER trigger, you can go like:
BEGIN
DO FUNNY THINGS
WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM status_table
WHERE table_name = TG_TABLE_NAME AND op = TG_OP); -- just an example
-- reset the status
DELETE FROM status_table
WHERE table_name = TG_TABLE_NAME AND op = TG_OP;
END;
I have a table named awards. How can I mount a Trigger in PostgreSQL where each insert in the table awards updates a different table?
Here we have two tables named table1 and table2. Using a trigger I'll update table2 on insertion into table1.
Create the tables
CREATE TABLE table1
(
id integer NOT NULL,
name character varying,
CONSTRAINT table1_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id)
)
CREATE TABLE table2
(
id integer NOT NULL,
name character varying
)
The Trigger Function
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION function_copy() RETURNS TRIGGER AS
$BODY$
BEGIN
INSERT INTO
table2(id,name)
VALUES(new.id,new.name);
RETURN new;
END;
$BODY$
language plpgsql;
The Trigger
CREATE TRIGGER trig_copy
AFTER INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE function_copy();
You want the documenation for PL/PgSQL triggers, which discusses just this case among others. The general documentation on triggers may also be useful.
You can use either a BEFORE or AFTER trigger for this. I'd probably use an AFTER trigger so that my trigger saw the final version of the row being inserted, though. You want FOR EACH ROW, of course.
i'm triying to create an autoincrement field (like SERIAL) using a trigger and sequence. I know that only can use a sequence or SERIAL type on field, but i must resolve this using both methods (triggers and secuences)
CREATE SEQUENCE AlimentosSequencia;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION AlimentoFuncion()
RETURNS "trigger" AS
$BODY$
BEGIN
New.id:=nextval('AlimentosSequencia');
Return NEW;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' VOLATILE;
CREATE TRIGGER AlimentosTrigger
BEFORE INSERT
ON alimento
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE AlimentoFuncion();
I try this combination but dosen't works, the table alimento has two fields only, integer id(the autoincrement with trigger and sequence) and the varchar name.
Any suggestion ?
Thanks
As others users have told you, you don't need to use a trigger. You can declare the table like this:
CREATE SEQUENCE AlimentosSequencia;
CREATE TABLE alimento (
id integer NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('AlimentosSequencia') PRIMARY KEY
,name VARCHAR(255));
And when you insert a new record:
INSERT INTO alimento (name) VALUES ('lemon');
Another possibility is declared the id field as serial type, that it would create the sequence automatically.
UPDATE:
Ok, it's an exercise. Then I don't understand what's the problem? I have tested this code:
CREATE SEQUENCE AlimentosSequencia;
CREATE TABLE alimento (
id integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
,name VARCHAR(255));
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION AlimentoFuncion()
RETURNS "trigger" AS
$BODY$
BEGIN
New.id:=nextval('AlimentosSequencia');
Return NEW;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' VOLATILE;
CREATE TRIGGER AlimentosTrigger
BEFORE INSERT
ON alimento
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE AlimentoFuncion();
INSERT INTO alimento (name) VALUES ('lemon');
And it works without problems.