I am trying to make a hangman game in Scratch for my AP CSP course. I have created a separate sprite for every letter of the alphabet. I want to make it so that when the user tries a letter and it is wrong, that specific letter on the screen will change color. How can I do this with a procedure? Below is my code.
Make another costume for each letter. When the user gets it wrong, send a broadcast to the particular letter sprite. Change the costume of the sprite.
The way to communicate between different objects (sprites) is to broadcast a message (as suggested in another answer here, and as you are already doing in your code).
BUT creating 26 different messages (showc, showd, etc.) is not practical. The idiomatic way of doing it in Scratch is to use a global variable, for example Letter and broadcasting a generic message like ShowLetter. Then the target sprite can read that Letter while processing this message.
Also, having 26 sprites that are doing very similar thing is wrong. I would suggest to have ONE sprite with 26 costumes (for each letter of the alphabet) and clone that sprite for each letter. That way you would need to write When I receive "message" only once.
To change a color of a letter, I suggest using set "color" effect to <number>. You can play with different numbers to get wht you like.
Related
I'm working on a live music visualisation project, where I am using a particle stream to visualise each channel of audio (vocals, guitar, percussion, bass) which are each coming from a looper.
I have the visualisation aspects working - I do envelope tracking in a separate pd instance, send the envelope details via udp to my gem instance, which then uses that to vary the size and colour of multiple particle streams.
The problem I have is that I am trying to set the origin point of each stream, and they are either interacting or they are controlling the origin of a different stream. The part_velocity also seems to be having a similar issue.
Each particle system has it's own gemhead (which I init as say [gemhead 20] so each one is unique), but changing the XYZ for its [part_source 1 point] object seems to affect a stream that's in a different gemhead chain.
I have also moved it off into an abstraction, where I name its head [gemhead $0] and I am having the same issue.
This unanswered thread from years ago shows two other people having the same problem, but no answers.
Here's a portion of my main patch which calls the abstraction:
And this is the abstraction:
Am I missing something simple here, or is there perhaps a bug in that one of the part_xxx objects is not checking which gemhead list it's in? Note that there are other gemheads in the main patch, some have an argument, some don't, but they're doing other stuff.
Oh yeah, and input is welcome on the somewhat dumb-looking way that I'm preserving state here, I've NO idea what the patterns are here, and cannot for the life of me find any good advice on it!
I am having trouble with my Unreal Engine 4 project. I'm very new to this and i don't really understand what's going on. I have made ladder functionality so the character can climb up the ladder and stand on the Static Mesh that is on top. But when i want to go down the ladder i want to trigger the "Allow Down" function on Actor "BP_Ladder" but the cast is failing everytime. what is causing the casts to fail?
I've looked around and other people with cast failed problems have mostly had the names wrong but my ladder is called "BP_Ladder" and that is what i'm casting to so that leaves me really confused.
My BP_Dude blueprint (this is being called every tick)
My BP_Ladder blueprint (this is what i'm trying to trigger)
The goal for this function is that the collision of the static mesh will turn off and then allow me to move down the ladder like normal.
I'd really appreciate your help with this, its my first couple of days using unreal engine and the Epic Games tutorials i followed didn't show all of the blueprints so everyone was left helpless with half broken blueprints.
Understanding Casts
In its simplest form, if your Actor can be cast to BP_Ladder, then it will return the casted object on the output pin.
Just to ensure you know how a cast works, I have to point out that you can't cast a given type to some unrelated arbitrary type; it has to be "castable" to the cast destination. So if you think that the Actor object returned by your overlap is genuinely a BP_Ladder, or a blueprint class that derives from BP_Ladder, then you should be OK. But that has to be the case; otherwise it will fail every time.
https://docs.unrealengine.com/en-us/Engine/Blueprints/UserGuide/CastNodes
Sorry if I'm being patronising, but if a cast isn't working 9/10 it hasn't been used correctly.
Debugging
OK that out of the way, if you think you are genuinely casting to the correct type and it's still failing, then you'll need to debug your blueprint with the objective of finding what type is being given to the cast node which results in the failure.
Select the cast object in your blueprint.
Press F9 to create a breakpoint; a red circle should appear on the top left of your cast box
Run your game in PIE mode (Combo next to play, New Editor Window (PIE))
Put the game in a scenario where your cast will fire (I presume touch the ladder)
The breakpoint should trigger; your game window will go grey and you'll get a large red arrow pointing down towards your cast box where you placed the breakpoint
Hover over the Object pin on the input side of the cast box. It should show a alt-text containing details of the variable.
Inside the alt-text box, look for Current value; this should show you the current object type that you are about to cast. You need to ensure that this value is what you expect.
https://docs.unrealengine.com/en-US/Engine/Blueprints/UserGuide/Debugging
Example
I've taken a screenshot of a working game; in this you will see:
a Breakpoint (the red circle) is shown on the function node (the box)
the Execution node (red arrow) is Create Rolling Stock
the Current value of the variable is DepotComponent...Depot
Final thoughts
There's a couple of gotchas when using blueprints; one of them in this case could be that you can have two classes with the same name (although they might have different internal "script names" - effectively a fully qualified path). When you debugging an object variable, make sure you match the entire path to the location of your asset in your content folder; this will ensure that you are indeed attempting to cast to the object you think you really are.
Another classic gotcha is "hot reloads". Sometimes the editor needs to reload a module after an on-the-fly build but a class conflict occurs internally; this results in the new version of the class getting a different name (prefixed with HOTRELOADED). Watch out for this; it can cause you to be dealing with two distinct types when casting and you don't even realise. A real sanity-sapper. If in doubt, close and re-open the editor; it fixes it every time.
On Begin Overlap is only triggered when you START an overlap, so if you have some logic that sets your "can climb" to false you will need to move outside of the collider and back into it again for another Begin Overlap event.
How do I make a TextLabel's text update to a variable?
I have tried setting the text to "score: ", _G.score
but it won't update with the variable, and yes I do set the text after the variable has updated.
Code:
script.Parent.mouseClick:connect(function()
_G.score = _G.score + 1
game.StarterGui.ScreenGui.TextLabel.Text = _G.score
end)
game.StarterGui is actually a template GUI, and every time a player joins the game, a copy of it is made and given to the new player. Thus, if you try to modify it, you will not be actually modifying the copies of it that were given to all the players.
There are two solutions to this problem:
Only use relative paths—that being, only use paths to GUI objects that begin with "script." just like you said script.Parent.mouseClick:connect(…).
Iterate through all the copies that have been given out to the players. This can be found under each Player object's .PlayerGui.
You should almost never do the latter. Here's how you can decide:
If you have code that is found within the StarterGui (rather than in the Workspace or something), then you should use the former. This is because when the StarterGui gets copied into a new player's GUI (called a PlayerGui), that script will get copied along with it since it was inside of the StarterGui. Thus, a relative path like script.Parent.Something.SomethingElse.Text = "hi" will be valid; it will affect that PlayerGui.
If you have some code that is not within the StarterGui (like if it's in the Workspace), then you must use the latter. This is because such a script will not get copied into each player's PlayerGui. As a result, you must go through each player's PlayerGui in a for loop or something similar. This scenario is very rarely the case, and if it ever is, consider trying to make it not the case if possible because this is a very hairy situation to try to deal with; you have to account for special circumstances like the possibility that a player hasn't gotten a copy of the StarterGui yet.
Please let me know if this explanation was in any way confusing; I'll try my best to explain it better.
You can find some visuals to go along with this explanation and some further reading on the official ROBLOX Wiki's explanation of this topic here: "Player vs. Starter GUIs".
I have a simple UDP server that I'm going to use to make a game you can play on your LAN. Here is how I want my game to run. I have, let's say, 5 players. All players have a x and y position. These to values are given the the host. On the host machine it assembles all these x and y positions into an array. It then blits these players onto a pygame subsurface. I want to then give the clients the updated map so that all they see is the players updated positions. My main concern with all of this is how do I convert the subsurface into a transferable data type so the client can receive the encoded data and decode it then print it to their screens.
I don't believe you'll need any code because my question is not specifically aimed at my code but if you do let me know. The only problem with supplying you the code is only bits of it are working as of now and the little that is won't help you much.
Just for anyone in the future I found the answer to my question. It is simply encoding the image to base64 transferring it then decoding it.
However sending the array formatting and reformatting proved to be more efficents
I want to write GUI code that is orthogonal. Lets say I have a circle class and a square class and they need to interact. Right now, to get the circle and square talking to each other - say the circle object sends a message to the square object, I would use something like square_obj.listen_for_circle(circle_obj) where listen_for_circle is a method that implements an addlistener.
This is a problem for me since now the two objects are linked - and removing one object from my code would break it. What I am looking to do is for the circle_obj to be able to broadcast a global message say 'CIRCLE_EVENT'. Additionally square_obj would be listening for global message broadcasts of type 'CIRCLE_EVENT', and upon hearing the event - does some action.(Ahhh, now the objects have no links to each other in the code base!)
Is this possible or even reasonable in MATLAB? (or maybe i'm just going crazy).
As always, advice much appreciated.
I'm not really sure why addlistener is problematic for you. It basically just adds an event listener that doesn't do anything if the event-origin object (the circle) is deleted.
Alternately you can use event.listener or handle.listener. They are undocumented but work well, and are widely used within the Matlab codebase (m-files). See explanation here: http://UndocumentedMatlab.com/blog/continuous-slider-callback/#Event_Listener