I am trying to write to a file on an SD card using an STM32F401RET6 development board. I am using an SDIO adapter I got on amazon (https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/B07C26YZPK/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1). In STM32CubeMX, I have enabled 1 bit SDIO and have set the FATFS middleware to SD Card. I changed nothing in the "Configuration" tab.
I am using the following code in "USER CODE BEGIN 2" (right above void main's infinite loop) to write "Hello World!" to the SD card.
FATFS fs;
FIL file;
UINT bytesWritten;
FRESULT res;
res = f_mount(&fs, SDPath, 1);
PRINT_RESULT("Mounting filesystem", res);
if (res != FR_OK) return 1;
res = f_open(&file, "WRITE.TXT\0", FA_WRITE | FA_CREATE_ALWAYS);
PRINT_RESULT("Opening file", res);
if (res != FR_OK) return 1;
char data[] = "Hello World!\0";
res = f_write(&file, data, sizeof(data), &bytesWritten);
PRINT_RESULT("Writing file", res);
f_close(&file);
This code uses a macro I wrote to more easily log the results of these functions.
#define PRINT_RESULT(action, res) do { \
char msg[sizeof(action) + 6]; \
sprintf(msg, "%s: %03d\n", action, res); \
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *) msg, sizeof(msg), 100); \
} while (0);
When I upload and run this, I get the following in the serial monitor:
Mounting filesystem: 000
Opening file: 000
This means that mounting the filesystem and opening the file for writing both succeeded. However, the f_write function never returns. When I put the SD card into my computer, I can see that the file was created but it is empty.
I can read files no problem but I can't write to them. I also tried f_puts which didn't work either. I am using STM32CubeMX 4.27 and compiling with the generated Makefile. I have tried several SD cards and all act the same.
Related
I build a code in Xcode console with C++ project works perfectly before:
#include "SerialPort.hpp"
#include "TypeAbbreviations.hpp"
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
//* Open port, and connect to a device
const char devicePathStr[] = "/dev/tty.usbserial-A104RXG4";
const int baudRate = 9600;
int sfd = openAndConfigureSerialPort(devicePathStr, baudRate);
if (sfd < 0) {
if (sfd == -1) {
printf("Unable to connect to serial port.\n");
}
else { //sfd == -2
printf("Error setting serial port attributes.\n");
}
return 0;
}
// * Read using readSerialData(char* bytes, size_t length)
// * Write using writeSerialData(const char* bytes, size_t length)
// * Remember to flush potentially buffered data when necessary
// * Close serial port when done
const char dataToWrite[]="abcd";
char databuffer[1024];
while(1){
readSerialData(databuffer, 4);
sleep(2);
writeSerialData(databuffer, 4);
sleep(2);
}
printf("end.\n");
return 0;
}
After this build, I tried to migrate it to my Xcode cocoa application with C++ wrappers below.
I am pretty sure my Wrapper works fine with test C++ code. That means, I can call C++ function from my ViewController.swift.
But there's one strange thing happened. I am not able to open connection with the following code:
sfd = open(portPath, (O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY));
if (sfd == -1) {
printf("Unable to open serial port: %s at baud rate: %d\n", portPath, baudRate);
printf("%s", std::strerror(errno));
return sfd;
}
There error message returns :
Unable to open serial port: /dev/tty.usbserial-A104RXG4 at baud rate: 9600
Operation not permitted
I've tried to change app sandbox configuration, set up my system preference to grant access to my app, also I disabled my rootless. (csrutil disable with command + R)
But the problem still persists:
&
I want to ask that:
1. Why my code on Xcode C++ project works fine but fail on swift's cocoa app on Xcode?
2. How to solve the "Operation not permitted" Issue.
My Xcode version is 11.3.1 and Mac OS is 10.14.6 Mojave.
I figure it out myself.
It's APP sandbox is bothering me.
All you need to do is turn off sandbox
Turn off it by click X on the mouse point.
If you want to add it back, just click +Capability and put it back on.
https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZOc18.jpg
reference : https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/94177#285075
The landscape - I have a MCU that performs a lot of tasks. It exposes an I2C slave communication to a Raspberry Pi. There a number of 'registers' I have created in code on the MCU. All of these are working fine. I previously had a nano hooked up and tested everything on the MCU so I am fairly sure the MCU is behaving correctly. Most of my I2C communications are working on the Pi too. Except for one. It is a little different in that it writes three bytes.
This is my code for the RPi:
std::string i2cServo(uint8_t reg, uint8_t angle){
std::string error;
uint8_t TxBuf[3];
TxBuf[0] = 11; // The register.
TxBuf[1] = reg; // The first parameter.
TxBuf[2] = angle; // The second parameter.
close_fd();
if (!fd) {
if (open_fd_wronly() == -1) {
error = "Failed to open I2C bus.";
} else {
if (write(fd, &TxBuf, 3) != 3) {
std::cerr << errno << std::endl;
error = "Could not set servo.";
}
}
}
return error;
}
This code gets executed twice. The first time everything is fine, the second I get errno 5. Which is EIO.
This is the logic analyser output:
You can see the first pass is fine. The second pass is also fine till the end when a stop is expected.
I would suspect the MCU if it wasn't for the fact the nano behaves correctly, and the first pass of the code works fine.
Any ideas?
This is the fd opening:
int open_fd_wronly(){
error_flag = false;
if (fd) {
close_fd();
fd = 0;
}
if ((fd = open(devicefile.c_str(), O_WRONLY)) < 0)
return errorMsg("ERROR opening: " + devicefile + "\n");
if (ioctl(fd, I2C_SLAVE, slave_address) < 0)
return errorMsg("ERROR address: " + std::to_string(slave_address) + "\n");
return 0;
}
Sorry, no sooner posted the question. Than the answer dawned on me. It really helps to share a problem. The first register call prompts a write to EEPROM the second call was just arriving too fast triggering another write to the EEPROM and causing a crash. A little delay between the two calls solved the problem.
Many thanks.
I am now using CubeMx 4.23.0 and FW package for STM32F7 1.8.0
MCU is STM32F746 on Core746i board.
Everything is generated by CubeMx automatically.
main.c:
SCB_EnableICache();
SCB_EnableDCache();
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_SDMMC1_SD_Init();
MX_USB_DEVICE_Init();
MX_FATFS_Init();
HAL_Delay(3000);
DebugString("start OK");
uint8_t res = 0;
FATFS SDFatFs;
FIL MyFile; /* File object */
char SD_Path[4];
res = f_mount(&SDFatFs, (TCHAR const*)SD_Path, 0);
sprintf(DebugStr, "f_mount = 0x%02X", res);
DebugString(DebugStr);
res = f_open(&MyFile, "test.txt", FA_READ);
sprintf(DebugStr, "f_open = 0x%02X", res);
DebugString(DebugStr);
sdmmc.c:
void MX_SDMMC1_SD_Init(void)
{
hsd1.Instance = SDMMC1;
hsd1.Init.ClockEdge = SDMMC_CLOCK_EDGE_RISING;
hsd1.Init.ClockBypass = SDMMC_CLOCK_BYPASS_DISABLE;
hsd1.Init.ClockPowerSave = SDMMC_CLOCK_POWER_SAVE_DISABLE;
hsd1.Init.BusWide = SDMMC_BUS_WIDE_1B;
hsd1.Init.HardwareFlowControl = SDMMC_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_DISABLE;
hsd1.Init.ClockDiv = 7;
//HAL_SD_Init(&hsd1);
// ^^^^^ I also tried this here
//HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd1, SDMMC_BUS_WIDE_4B)
//^^^^ and this
}
In case of f_mount(&SDFatFs, (TCHAR const*)SD_Path, 0) <- with 1 here (forced mount), output is:
f_mount = 0x03
f_open = 0x01
With 0 (do not mount now) output is:
f_mount = 0x00
f_open = 0x03
0x03 value is FR_NOT_READY, but official info is pretty vague about it
Things I've tried:
Adding HAL_SD_Init(&hsd1) to MX_SDMMC1_SD_Init() since i didnt find where is SD card GPIO init happening.
2 GB noname SD card, 1 GB Transcend card.
Different hsd1.Init.ClockDiv 3 to 255.
Resoldering everything completely.
Switching to 4-bit wide bus using HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd1, SDMMC_BUS_WIDE_4B);
Turn on and off pullups.
But card still does not mount. It's formatted in FAT, working on a PC, files i've tried to open are exist, but empty.
How to get it to mount?
Thanks in advance!
there was the problem with exact version of cubemx.
updating stm32cubemx helped.
You can try
`f_mount(0, "path", 0);
` after the f_open call . it may work.
If the function with forced mounting failed with FR_NOT_READY, it means that the filesystem object has been registered successfully but the
volume is currently not ready to work
. The volume mount process will be attempted on subsequent file/directroy function.
If implementation of the disk I/O layer lacks asynchronous media change detection, application program needs to perform f_mount function after each media change to force cleared the filesystem object.
Changing all SDIO pins except SDIO_CK to pull-up according to This Topic works for me
Try commenting MX_USB_DEVICE_Init(), see what happens.
I have stm32f4-discovery kit and I want to try i/o expander for hd44870 LCD . I have PCF8574AT link to io example like mine 8-bit expander where i2c address is 0x3f (checked by i2c scanner) on hi2c3 hardware. For c/c++ use HAL libraries on Eclipse environment. Ok take look at code.
First I initialize i2c3 - like Datasheet 100kHz on SCL:
static void MX_I2C3_Init(void)
{
hi2c3.Instance = I2C3;
hi2c3.Init.ClockSpeed = 100000;
hi2c3.Init.DutyCycle = I2C_DUTYCYCLE_2;
hi2c3.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;
hi2c3.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
hi2c3.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
hi2c3.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
hi2c3.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
hi2c3.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c3) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
Then try to send data to I/O expander. But before that I check that i/o is ready to use:
result = HAL_I2C_IsDeviceReady(&hi2c3,0x3f , 2, 2);
if (result == HAL_BUSY)
{
HD44780_Puts(6, 1, "busy");
}else{
HD44780_Puts(6, 1, "ready");
uint8_t data_io = 0xff;
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c3, 0x3f, data_io, 1, 100);
}
On a same expander nothing changes. Any ideas what is wrong or maybe i/0 expander is broken ?
Im not sure about HAL driver, really never used HAL. But I have touched pcf8574 IO expander. As you said, you have checked it with scanner and if you get address, line and device is OK. As I am not expert on I2C and HAL libs,I'll show my I2C driver it relies on STM32 standard periphery drivers and it worked for PCF8574 and various I2C devices. There is an example,snippet(blocking mode, not irq based):
Checking if IO is not busy.
while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(&I2Cx, I2C_FLAG_BUSY) == SET){
if((timeout--) == 0) return -ETIMEDOUT;
}
Generate start condition and set write condition(with address for write mode).
I2C_TransferHandling(&I2Cx, dev_addr, 1, I2C_SoftEnd_Mode, I2C_Generate_Start_Write);
while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(&I2Cx, I2C_ISR_TXIS) == RESET){
if((timeout--) == 0) return -ENODEV;
}
Now you can send data byte( it is your IO states), This function writes directly to I2C TX(transceiver) register :
I2C_SendData(&I2Cx, reg_addr);
while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(&I2Cx, I2C_ISR_TC) == RESET){
if((timeout--) == 0) return -EIO;
}
Generate reading condition and than read from PCF8574, data should be same as it was just written(if nothing toggles IO expander). Basically you can read byte or more bytes (depends on device). In your case PCF8574(8bit) gives only 1 byte.
I2C_TransferHandling(dev->channel,dev_addr, len, I2C_AutoEnd_Mode,I2C_Generate_Start_Read);
size_t i;
for(i=0;i<len;i++){
timeout = I2C_TIMEOUT;
while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(dev->channel, I2C_ISR_RXNE) == RESET){
if((timeout--) == 0) return -EIO;
}
data[i] = I2C_ReceiveData(dev->channel);
}
You can continue RW operations, or just simply wait till device automatically stop transition on line:
while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(&I2Cx, I2C_FLAG_STOPF) == RESET){
if((timeout--) == 0) return -EIO;
}
I2C_ClearFlag(&I2Cx, I2C_ICR_STOPCF);
This steps will write and read data. Anyway this chip has some tricky logic there, it more simplistic than it looks like.Actually it works just as simple OUTPUT. Extern input just triggers up PCF8574 pin and nothing more, no special configuration for input mode. For input monitor for sure use PCF8574 INT pin, PCF8574 will trigger INT pin.
For example:
If you want input pins, than just simply set pins to logic zero. And monitor INT pin,if change happens on input, INT pin will be triggered and you should read data via I2C .
For OUTPUT low just write zero's.
And for OUTPUT high set logic true.
You are using HAL so you have to read what happens inside HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit function. Do not forget that address is 7bit and first byte with address also includes R/W condition.First byte bit0 is R/W bit. So you should handle it.
for example with defines:
#define PCF8574_WRITE_ADRESS (0x40) /*for writing to chip*/
#define PCF8574_READ_ADRESS ((0x40)|0x01) /*for reading chip*/
Here is some links:
i2c explanations
this may help
Really nice guide!
Hope this will help to understand your problem and solve it.:)
thanks , Bulkin
I found obvious mistake . HAL libs do not i2c_address << 1 . I/YOU must put that in code not same result !
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c3, (0x3f<<1), data_io, 1, 100);
or
$define i2c_address_write (0x3f <<1 )
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c3, i2c_address_write , data_io, 1, 100);
to read :
$define i2c_address_read ((0x3f <<1) | 0x01)
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c3, i2c_address_read , data_io, 1, 100);
I've been porting newlib to my very small kernel, and I'm stumped: whenever I include a function that references a system call, my program will page fault on execution. If I call a function that does not reference a system call, like rand(), nothing will go wrong.
Note: By include, I mean as long as the function, e.g. printf() or fopen(), is somewhere inside the program, even if it isn't called through main().
I've had this problem for quite some time now, and have no idea what could be causing this:
I've rebuilt newlib numerous times
Modified my ELF loader to load the
code from the section headers instead of program headers
Attempted to build newlib/libgloss separately (which failed)
Linked the libraries (libc, libnosys) through the ld script using GROUP, gcc and ld
I'm not quite sure what other information I should include with this, but I'd be happy to include what I can.
Edit: To verify, the page faults occurring are not at the addresses of the failing functions; they are elsewhere in the program. For example, when I call fopen(), located at 0x08048170, I will page fault at 0xA00A316C.
Edit 2:
Relevant code for loading ELF:
int krun(u8int *name) {
int fd = kopen(name);
Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr = kmalloc(sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr*));
read(fd, ehdr, sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr));
if (ehdr->e_ident[0] != 0x7F || ehdr->e_ident[1] != 'E' || ehdr->e_ident[2] != 'L' || ehdr->e_ident[3] != 'F') {
kfree(ehdr);
return -1;
}
int pheaders = ehdr->e_phnum;
int phoff = ehdr->e_phoff;
int phsize = ehdr->e_phentsize;
int sheaders = ehdr->e_shnum;
int shoff = ehdr->e_shoff;
int shsize = ehdr->e_shentsize;
for (int i = 0; i < pheaders; i++) {
lseek(fd, phoff + phsize * i, SEEK_SET);
Elf32_Phdr *phdr = kmalloc(sizeof(Elf32_Phdr*));
read(fd, phdr, sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
u32int page = PMMAllocPage();
int flags = 0;
if (phdr->p_flags & PF_R) flags |= PAGE_PRESENT;
if (phdr->p_flags & PF_W) flags |= PAGE_WRITE;
int pages = (phdr->p_memsz / 0x1000) + 1;
while (pages >= 0) {
u32int mapaddr = (phdr->p_vaddr + (pages * 0x1000)) & 0xFFFFF000;
map(mapaddr, page, flags | PAGE_USER);
pages--;
}
lseek(fd, phdr->p_offset, SEEK_SET);
read(fd, (void *)phdr->p_vaddr, phdr->p_filesz);
kfree(phdr);
}
// Removed: code block that zeroes .bss: it's already zeroed whenever I check it anyways
// Removed: code block that creates thread and adds it to scheduler
kfree(ehdr);
return 0;
}
Edit 3: I've noticed that if I call a system call, such as write(), and then call printf() two or more times, I will get an unknown opcode interrupt. Odd.
Whoops! Figured it out: when I map the virtual address, I should allocate a new page each time, like so:
map(mapaddr, PMMAllocPage(), flags | PAGE_USER);
Now it works fine.
For those curious as to why it didn't work: when I wasn't including printf(), the size of the program was under 0x1000 bytes, so mapping with only one page was okay. When I include printf() or fopen(), the size of the program was much bigger so that's what caused the issue.